Calling all musicians: Join YouTube's Symphony Orchestra

YouTube is offering musicians around the globe the opportunity to join a symphony orchestra via video through the world's first collaborative online orchestra. This is a chance to perform alongside world-renowned conductor Michael Tilson Thomas, learn from composer Tan Dun and many members of the London Symphony Orchestra, and consult with pianist Lang Lang. All video entries will be combined into the first-ever collaborative virtual performance, and people around the world will select their favorites to perform at New York's Carnegie Hall in April 2009.<br /><br />If you're interested in auditioning, or would like more information about this program, head over to the <a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/symphony">YouTube Symphony Orchestra channel</a> and the <a href="http://www.youtube.com/blog?entry=qwTiF0HMrog">YouTube Blog</a>.<br /><br /><span class="byline-author">Posted by The YouTube Team</span>

Calling all musicians: Join YouTube's Symphony Orchestra

YouTube is offering musicians around the globe the opportunity to join a symphony orchestra via video through the world's first collabor...

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Countdown to 2009

The end of the year is a wonderful time to reflect, celebrate, and look forward to new things to come. This is also a season when things tend to get a bit too hectic. So we wanted to share some tips that we hope will help make the best of your holidays and year-end celebrations.<br /><br />We'll be counting down to 2009 with one new tip per day to get you through the holidays. We'll cover everything from today's tip on "Gift ideas and holiday savings" to checking out your flight status with Google Search. There will be much more to come throughout December, so check <a href="http://www.google.com/countdownto2009/#utm_source=ogb&utm_medium=ogb&utm_campaign=ay">Google's Countdown to 2009</a> daily and add a <a href="http://www.google.com/ig/adde?moduleurl=www.google.com/ig/modules/google_tips.xml&up_countdown=1">countdown gadget</a> to your iGoogle page.<br /><br />We wish you a wonderful head start to the holiday season.<br /><br /><span class="byline-author">Posted by Anita Yuen, Group Product Marketing Manager<br /></span>

Countdown to 2009

The end of the year is a wonderful time to reflect, celebrate, and look forward to new things to come. This is also a season when things ten...

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The Santa countdown begins...

I remember when I was 8 years old standing in the middle of our living room, gazing at our Christmas tree. I dared not blink, fearing that the twinkling tinsel, gleaming lights, and the pile of festively wrapped gifts would all be gone when I opened my eyes again. Once I finally hopped into bed, still wide-awake and staring at the ceiling, I listened to every gust of wind, every creak of the rafters, wondering if Santa had landed on our roof. “Where is Santa now?” I thought. “When will he be here?” Eventually, sheer mental exhaustion ushered me off to sleep.<br /><br />The spirit of the season and a wondrous curiosity electrify many people's imaginations during the holidays, especially on Christmas Eve. That’s why Google has teamed up again this year with <a href="http://www.norad.mil/">NORAD</a>, the North American Aerospace Defense Command, to bring you the NORAD Santa Tracker.<br /><br />NORAD provides aerospace warning and control for North America 365 days a year. On Christmas Eve, they turn their attention to Santa, tracking his yearly gift-delivering journey from the North Pole. The Santa Tracker itself goes live at 6am EST on December 24th. In the meantime, you will find the unique history of the Santa Tracker, holiday-themed games (a new one released each day) and updates from the North Pole at <a href="http://www.noradsanta.org/">www.noradsanta.org</a>, the official NORAD Tracks Santa website.<br /><br />Check it out, and don’t forget to bookmark the site so you can come back often throughout the month. And, of course, be sure to visit on Christmas Eve to follow Santa as he makes his way toward your area. You can track him in both Google Maps and Google Earth, and can also view videos of his flights over several landmark cities, captured by special "Santa cams." Here are some highlights from last year's Santa Tracker:<br /><br /><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/D7XpqeJyECo&hl=en&fs=1"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/D7XpqeJyECo&hl=en&fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" height="344" width="425"></embed></object><br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Visit <a href="http://www.noradsanta.org/">www.noradsanta.org</a> for more information.)</span><br /><br />Happy holidays to all, and to Santa... a good flight!<br /><br /><span class="byline-author">Posted by Jeffery Martin, Geo Product Marketing Manager, child at heart</span>

The Santa countdown begins...

I remember when I was 8 years old standing in the middle of our living room, gazing at our Christmas tree. I dared not blink, fearing that t...

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Get holiday gift ideas and special savings

Today is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyber_Monday">Cyber Monday</a> and we know many of you have holiday shopping on your mind. If you're not sure what to buy for that special someone, or if you're looking for ways to save on your holiday purchases, Google Product Search and Google Checkout can help.<br /><br />Our Product Search team recently pored over millions of aggregated (and anonymous) search queries to put together some of the most popular products people are searching for. You can see the season's most-wanted gifts in various categories such as toys & games, cold weather apparel, and specialty foods. Someone you know just may have one of these items on their wish list.<br /><br />With Google Checkout, you can shop quickly and easily with one login for hundreds of stores across the web. And now Checkout buyers can save $5, $10, $20 or more on their holiday shopping at over 600 participating stores, including StarbucksStore.com, the HBO Shop, J&R Electronics, and Petco.com. These exclusive discounts are available through December 17th.<br /><br />To help you kick off the shopping season with ease, we've created a <a href="http://www.google.com/holidayshopping#utm_source=us-en-et-gblog&utm_medium=et&utm_campaign=holiday08">special site</a> that brings these holiday savings and gift ideas together in one place. Enjoy your seasonal shopping!<br /><br /><span class="byline-author">Posted by Jessica Ng, Google Product Search Team and Anita Barci, Google Checkout Team</span>

Get holiday gift ideas and special savings

Today is Cyber Monday and we know many of you have holiday shopping on your mind. If you're not sure what to buy for that special someo...

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Triple silken pumpkin pie takes the prize

What is the first thing that most people associate with Thanksgiving? Well, probably turkey, but pumpkin pie comes in a close second. As I am not a fan of the traditional pumpkin pie, I set out on a quest to find a delicious alternative this year. My search led me to a robust cookbook sitting on my kitchen shelves. Sheri Yard's <a style="font-style: italic;" href="http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=4VHMjIfxfYcC&dq=sheri+yard+desserts+by+the+yard&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=tcC1f8aSKj&sig=YNOSvHRTNXFpqs481pQswPu1_fI&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPP1,M1">Desserts by the Yard</a> is an amazing compilation of a pastry chef's career spanning from coast to coast. What I found in that book turned out to be the most fluffy, decadent, flaky, scrumptious pie I have ever tasted. And apparently my officemates liked it just as much -- the triple silken pumpkin pie and I took home first place in last week's bake-off at our <a href="http://maps.google.com/?q=Google%20New%20York@40.742412,-74.004915&hl=en">New York office</a>! So if you're looking for a holiday-perfect pie, I encourage you to try out <a href="http://services.google.com/blog_resources/google_ogb_pie_recipe.pdf">the recipe</a> (PDF file). It takes a little time to make, but it's <span style="font-style: italic;">so</span> worth it.<br /><br />Happy baking, and happy Thanksgiving!<br /><br /><embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" src="http://picasaweb.google.com/s/c/bin/slideshow.swf" flashvars="host=picasaweb.google.com&captions=1&RGB=0x000000&feed=http%3A%2F%2Fpicasaweb.google.com%2Fdata%2Ffeed%2Fapi%2Fuser%2Fgblogphotos%2Falbumid%2F5272677852296745713%3Fkind%3Dphoto%26alt%3Drss" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" width="400" height="267"></embed><br /><br /><span class="byline-author">Posted by Kayla Wilson, Recruiting Coordinator</span>

Triple silken pumpkin pie takes the prize

What is the first thing that most people associate with Thanksgiving? Well, probably turkey, but pumpkin pie comes in a close second. As I ...

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Sorting 1PB with MapReduce

At Google we are fanatical about organizing the world's information. As a result, we spend a lot of time finding better ways to sort information using <a href="http://labs.google.com/papers/mapreduce.html">MapReduce</a>, a key component of our software infrastructure that allows us to run multiple processes simultaneously. MapReduce is a perfect solution for many of the computations we run daily, due in large part to its simplicity, applicability to a wide range of real-world computing tasks, and natural translation to highly scalable distributed implementations that harness the power of thousands of computers.<br /><br />In our sorting experiments we have followed the rules of a <a href="http://www.hpl.hp.com/hosted/sortbenchmark/">standard terabyte (TB) sort benchmark</a>. Standardized experiments help us understand and compare the benefits of various technologies and also add a competitive spirit. You can think of it as an Olympic event for computations. By pushing the boundaries of these types of programs, we learn about the limitations of current technologies as well as the lessons useful in designing next generation computing platforms. This, in turn, should help everyone have faster access to higher-quality information.<br /><br />We are excited to announce we were able to sort 1TB (stored on the <a href="http://labs.google.com/papers/gfs.html">Google File System</a> as 10 billion 100-byte records in uncompressed text files) on 1,000 computers in 68 seconds. By comparison, the previous 1TB <a href="http://developer.yahoo.net/blogs/hadoop/2008/07/apache_hadoop_wins_terabyte_sort_benchmark.html">sorting record</a> is 209 seconds on 910 computers.<br /><br />Sometimes you need to sort more than a terabyte, so we were curious to find out what happens when you sort more and gave one petabyte (PB) a try. One petabyte is a thousand terabytes, or, to put this amount in perspective, it is 12 times the amount of <a href="http://www.loc.gov/webcapture/faq.html">archived web data</a> in the U.S. Library of Congress as of May 2008. In comparison, consider that the aggregate size of data processed by all instances of MapReduce at Google was on average 20PB per day in <a href="http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1327452.1327492">January 2008</a>.<br /><br />It took six hours and two minutes to sort 1PB (10 trillion 100-byte records) on 4,000 computers. We're not aware of any other sorting experiment at this scale and are obviously very excited to be able to process so much data so quickly.<br /><br />An interesting question came up while running experiments at such a scale: Where do you put 1PB of sorted data? We were writing it to 48,000 hard drives (we did not use the full capacity of these disks, though), and every time we ran our sort, at least one of our disks managed to break (this is not surprising at all given the duration of the test, the number of disks involved, and the expected lifetime of hard disks). To make sure we kept our sorted petabyte safe, we asked the Google File System to write three copies of each file to three different disks.<br /><br />Significantly improved handling of the so-called "stragglers" (parts of computation that run slower than expected) was a key software technique that helped sort 1PB. And of course, there are many other factors that contributed to the result. We'll be discussing all of this and more in an upcoming publication. And you can also check out the video from our recent <a href="http://research.google.com/roundtable/MR.html">Technology RoundTable Series</a>.<br /><br /><span class="byline-author">Posted by Grzegorz Czajkowski, Systems Infrastructure Team</span>

Sorting 1PB with MapReduce

At Google we are fanatical about organizing the world's information. As a result, we spend a lot of time finding better ways to sort inf...

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Our international approach to search

In previous posts in <a href="http://googleblog.blogspot.com/search/label/search%20quality">this series</a>, you have read about the challenges of building a world-class search engine. Our goal is to make Google’s search be relevant to all people, regardless of their language or country. As my colleague Amit Singhal <a href="http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/07/introduction-to-google-ranking.html">described</a>, we use statistical data as the basis for making sweeping algorithmic changes. Many of these changes can be rolled out across all languages we support, but in some cases the unique characteristics of each language require some algorithmic considerations and tuning. And to make things really interesting, there are cases where the same language is different across countries. Obvious examples are "color" in the U.S. vs. "colour" in the U.K., or "camião" in Portugal vs. "caminhão" in Brazil.<br /><br />My name is Daphne Dembo, and my focus is improving Google's international search. This is a tough challenge, since Google search is used in many countries and languages where our engineers have little personal knowledge. Initially, the international search improvements were done by Search Quality engineers who were passionate about their languages and countries: Lina from Sweden improved our parsing of compound words in German and Swedish; Dimitra from Greece introduced diacritical support; Ishai from Israel worked on transliteration corrections for Hebrew and Arabic; Trystan from Australia created methods for identifying local search results and ranking them together with foreign ones from the same language; Alex, a bilingual Ukrainian and Russian, introduced morphological understanding of these languages. As the importance of our international search grew, we solicited help from Googlers in all our offices. Finally, we are leveraging an international network of search specialists who help us understand search within the unique combination of their language and country.<br /><br />Our first step in providing search support for a language is to train our language model on a large collection of documents in that language. This ensures that our language model is more precise and comprehensive — for example, it incorporates names, idioms, colloquial usage, and newly coined words not often found in static dictionaries. For instance, we recently started identifying Swahili, and used pages such as this one for the <a href="http://www.bunge.go.tz/bunge/Supp_Qs_Ls.asp?PTerm=2000-2005&vpkey=1174&page=5">Parliament of Tanzania</a> to train our system with the language's nuances. Having a trained language model helps to categorize documents during crawling and indexing of the web and to parse the user's query. Once this stage was complete, we launched Swahili search in countries such as <a href="http://www.google.co.tz/">Tanzania</a> and <a href="http://www.google.co.ke/">Kenya</a>, enabling local searches for the "Dar es Salaam stock exchange" [<a href="http://www.google.co.tz/search?hl=sw&q=Soko+la+hisa+dar+es+salaam">Soko la hisa dar es salaam</a>], and "cure for Malaria" [<a href="http://www.google.co.ke/search?hl=sw&q=Tiba+ya+malaria">Tiba ya malaria</a>]. (As always, we are using square brackets to denote a search query. For example, you can search for "soccer" in Hamburg, Germany by clicking on [<a href="http://www.google.de/search?hl=de&q=fu%C3%9Fball+in+hamburg">fußball in hamburg</a>]).<br /><br />We learn some things from our users, so as people start using our search engine, we can improve the way we rank in that language. Here are few examples:<br /><ul><li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Spell corrections</span>: We recently launched spell corrections in Estonian. If your Estonian is rusty, and you don't remember how to spell "smoke detector," we can suggest a spell correction for [<a href="http://www.google.ee/search?hl=et&q=suitsuantur">suitsuantur</a>], leading to <a href="http://www.google.ee/search?hl=et&q=suitsuandur">better</a> search results.</li><li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Diacritical marks</span><span>:</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span>Many languages have diacritical marks, which alter pronunciation. Our algorithms are built to support them, and even help users who mis-type or completely ignore them. For example, if you're a resident of Quebec, Canada and would like to know the weather forecast in Quebec City, we'll serve good results whether you type with diacritical signs [<a href="http://www.google.ca/search?hl=fr&q=M%C3%A9t%C3%A9o+%C3%A0+Qu%C3%A9bec">Météo à Québec</a>] or without [<a href="http://www.google.ca/search?hl=fr&q=meteo+quebec">meteo quebec</a>]. Czech users can read the same excellent results for a popular kids' cartoon by searching for [<a href="http://www.google.cz/search?hl=cs&q=krtecek">krtecek</a>] and [<a href="http://www.google.cz/search?hl=cs&q=krte%C4%8Dek">krteček</a>]. On the other hand, sometimes diacriticals change the meaning of the word and we have to use them correctly. For example, in Thai, [<a href="http://www.google.co.th/search?hl=th&q=%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7+">ข้าว</a>] is "rice," with completely different results than [<a href="http://www.google.co.th/search?hl=th&q=%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7+">ข่าว</a>], which is "news"; or in Slovakia, results for "child" [<a href="http://www.google.sk/search?hl=sk&q=die%C5%A5a">dieťa</a>] are different than results for "diet" [<a href="http://www.google.sk/search?hl=sk&q=di%C3%A9ta">diéta</a>].</li><li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Synonyms</span><span>:</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span>A general case of diacritical support is the handling of synonyms in different languages. Korean searches showed that "samsung" can be viewed as a synonym of "삼성", so that when users search for [<a href="http://www.google.co.kr/search?&q=samsung">samsung</a>], they find results which have the company's name in Korean. </li><li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Compounding</span><span>:</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span>Some languages allow compounding, which is the formation of new words by combining together existing words. You can see a nice example in Swedish, where we return documents about a Swedish credit card for both compounded [<a href="http://www.google.se/search?hl=sv&q=Visakort">Visakort</a>] and non-compounded [<a href="http://www.google.se/search?hl=sv&q=visa+kort">visa kort</a>] queries. </li><li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Stemming</span><span>:</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span>Google has developed morphological models that can receive compound words as queries, and return pages which contain their stem, possibly as part of a different compound. For example, when searching for cars in Saudi Arabia, you can search for [<a href="http://www.google.com.sa/search?hl=ar&q=%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9">سيارة</a>] and [<a href="http://www.google.com.sa/search?hl=ar&q=%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA">سيارات</a>] because both are variants of the same stem, and both return many common results. A Polish user can search for "movie" [<a href="http://www.google.pl/search?hl=pl&q=film">film</a>], and get back results that contain other variants of the stem, such as "filmów," "filmu," "filmie," "filmy." A user from <a href="http://www.google.com.by/">Belarus</a> will find results for all word forms of the capital, Minsk [<a href="http://www.google.com.by/search?hl=be&q=%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA&btnG=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BA+Google&meta=">Мінск</a>]: "Мінску," "Мінска," "Мінскага." </li></ul>In addition to these semantic factors, Google does even more to parse documents and queries. Understanding the details of language usage in a country is important. Notation of acronyms is different across languages: In Hebrew it is double quotes before the last (left-most) character, as in "prime minister" [<a href="http://www.google.co.il/search?hl=iw&q=%D7%A8%D7%94%22%D7%9E">רה"מ</a>]; in Thai — a dot at the end of the word, as in police station [<a href="http://www.google.co.th/search?hl=th&q=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99.">สน.</a> ]; while in the U.S. — dots after each character, as in [<a href="http://www.google.com/search?&q=i.b.m">I.B.M.</a>]. Chinese users quote works of art with a "《", as in: [<a href="http://www.google.cn/search?&q=%E3%80%8A%E6%89%8B%E6%9C%BA%E3%80%8B%E5%89%A7%E6%83%85">《手机》剧情</a>], and denote dates with a "日", as in: [<a href="http://www.google.cn/search?&q=2006%E5%B9%B41%E6%9C%8813%E6%97%A5">2006年1月13日</a>].<br /><br />Beyond the linguistic elements of a language, we consider how people enter a query. For example, some languages that do not have Latin scripts require keyboards with dual alphanumeric keys. The user can switch between language input modes by typing special keystrokes. In case the user forgets to type this sequence, the queries end up being gibberish. You can see correct handling of these mistakes in Arabic ([<a href="http://www.google.com.eg/search?hl=ar&q=hgsuv">hgsuv</a>] corrected to [<a href="http://www.google.com.eg/search?&q=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%B1&spell=1">السعر</a>]) and ([<a href="http://www.google.com.sa/search?&q=presidential+elections">حقثسهيثىفهشم ثممثؤفهخىس</a> ] corrected to [<a href="http://www.google.com.sa/search?hl=ar&sa=X&oi=spell&resnum=0&ct=result&cd=1&q=presidential+elections&spell=1">presidential elections</a>]), Hebrew ([<a href="http://www.google.co.il/search?hl=iw&q=vdrk,+kuyu">vdrk, kuyu</a>] corrected to [<a href="http://www.google.co.il/search?&q=%D7%94%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95">הגרלת לוטו</a>]), and Cyrillic ([<a href="http://www.google.ru/search?&q=rehc+ljkffhf">rehc ljkffhf</a>] corrected to [<a href="http://www.google.ru/search?&q=%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0">курс доллара</a>]).<br /><br />Another way of avoiding the inconvenience of switching keyboard modes is by typing the phonetic sounds of the query in Latin characters. Recreating the correct query in the target language isn't trivial, since there might be many possibilities. We can see several such examples in which we suggest the same query in the intended language for Russian ([<a href="http://www.google.ru/search?&q=biskvitnyi+rulet">biskvitnyi rulet</a>] to [<a href="http://www.google.ru/search?&q=%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82">бисквитный рулет</a>]), "movies" in Chinese ([<a href="http://www.google.cn/search?&q=dianying">dianying</a>] to [<a href="http://www.google.cn/search?&q=%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1">电影</a>]), and "Bank of Attica" in Greek [<a href="http://www.google.gr/search?hl=el&q=trapeza+attikhs">trapeza attikhs</a>] returns good results for "Τράπεζα Αττικής". Users of 8 Indic languages (such as Hindi, Gujarati, Telugu) can type the phonetic sound of the query, and choose the words in Hindi script:<br /><br /><center><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4BjCeMuBWqz6tsZaCbdv5A-lKoCEgmHIDrxJ4xSJsY88PPjsEbi_URwu4EQWJlcmwDPVHzGcNnYYRH0-7LsImh-FRh3TZBc2gfmLmN4XL5XDZUwQ9P-BbQIBLmbetbhbwo5DIzQgh_Mo/s1600-h/IN-transliteration.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271187474612225186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4BjCeMuBWqz6tsZaCbdv5A-lKoCEgmHIDrxJ4xSJsY88PPjsEbi_URwu4EQWJlcmwDPVHzGcNnYYRH0-7LsImh-FRh3TZBc2gfmLmN4XL5XDZUwQ9P-BbQIBLmbetbhbwo5DIzQgh_Mo/s400/IN-transliteration.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 263px;" /></a></center><br />Ease of typing and reading is also influenced by the language used. Since every Chinese word requires several keystrokes on a standard keyboard, we provide <a href="http://images.google.cn/imgcat?&cid=6&seq=2_6_7_4_1">category browsing by Images</a> and <a href="http://www.google.cn/search?hl=zh-CN&q=%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E7%AD%96%E5%88%92%E4%B9%A6%E8%8C%83%E6%96%87">related searches</a> so that people don't need to type as much. Similarly, we are now launching Google Suggest, or <a href="http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/08/at-loss-for-words.html">real-time completion of queries</a>, in many languages.<br /><br />So far I described how we improve the quality of search in a language. However, there is a strong effect of the location of the user, even if it is only approximated to the country, since in many cases local content is more relevant than global information. For example, searching for Spanish Yellow Pages [Páginas Amarillas] will result in several documents of global interest and several local results in <a href="http://www.google.com.pe/search?hl=es&q=paginas+amarillas">Peru</a>, <a href="http://www.google.com.mx/search?hl=es&q=paginas+amarillas">Mexico</a>, and <a href="http://www.google.es/search?hl=es&rls=EGLA,EGLA:2008-08,EGLA:en&q=paginas+amarillas">Spain</a>. Similar to that, searching for [Côte d'Or] in <a href="http://www.google.fr/search?hl=fr&q=C%C3%B4te+d%27Or">France</a> will return results for that region, whereas searches in <a href="http://www.google.be/search?hl=nl&q=C%C3%B4te+d%27Or">Belgium</a> will return results about the chocolate maker.<br /><br />Note that the display of information should conform to the standards in that country, so we display "," as a decimal notation for Croatian users who want to know how many millimeters are in an inch [<a href="http://www.google.hr/search?hl=hr&q=in%C4%8D+u+milimetrima">inč u milimetrima</a>], or for Italian users who are interested in currency exchange rates [<a href="http://www.google.it/search?hl=it&q=50+euro+in+dollari">50 euro in dollari</a>]. Similarly, temperatures in Norway [<a href="http://www.google.no/search?hl=no&q=V%C3%A6ret+i+Oslo">Været i Oslo</a>] will be displayed in Celsius, while in the U.S. — in Fahrenheit [<a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=weather+boston">weather Boston</a>].<br /><br />If everything else fails, we provide cross-language translations based upon Google's translation technology described in this <a href="http://googleresearch.blogspot.com/2008/09/doubling-up.html">blog post</a>. We will translate your query to English, search English documents on the web, and translate the returned results from English back into the original query language. For example, Japanese users who are interested in viewing Halloween illustrations (Halloween is a holiday which originated in Ireland) can search for [<a href="http://www.google.co.jp/search?hl=ja&q=%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3+%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88">ハロウィン イラスト</a>]. You can then request a Japanese translation of the English pages (at the bottom of the page), which will bring up the translation page in the screenshot below. Similarly, Korean users can search for the latest on Harry Potter [<a href="http://www.google.co.kr/search?&q=%ED%95%B4%EB%A6%AC+%ED%8F%AC%ED%84%B0">해리 포터</a>], and Arabic readers can search for the opening of the Sydney Opera house [<a href="http://www.google.com.eg/search?hl=ar&q=%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AD+%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A">افتتاح دار الاوبرا في سيدني</a>]. (Click on the image to see a larger version.)<br /><br /><center><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_xXY_YTEBV_iwkjLAuoL61InpTE55KeWXpA4ofwffuaAZ58aAH1NrD6owR1rgaAAWERCcffn8NvNn2ryMHWMQ-9IpR9qNccKqQIv92Y3wc4mv0Ojj_jrPOqEILwcA3rSTNPNEM3kyGRo/s1600-h/CLIR.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271189025565112818" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_xXY_YTEBV_iwkjLAuoL61InpTE55KeWXpA4ofwffuaAZ58aAH1NrD6owR1rgaAAWERCcffn8NvNn2ryMHWMQ-9IpR9qNccKqQIv92Y3wc4mv0Ojj_jrPOqEILwcA3rSTNPNEM3kyGRo/s400/CLIR.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 128px;" /></a></center><br /><br />All in all, Google Search is being actively developed for more than 100 languages, in 150+ countries, with dozens of improvements launched each month. So far I've covered the basics of how international search works, but this is just the surface of all the international work we do. There are many other interesting topics that impact international markets like usability, homepage and results page layout, and connectivity. An understanding of real cultural and human factors is essential to creating a search engine that resonates with the people who use it. (Click on the image to see a larger version.)<br /><br /><center><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOd4ZKynjM02kfcGl0odSi8tJRV5eYuenh2P20HxqLcJxLqIH07y5wtb2_MpZuvNmoVwgDE_w0CKnAS22SNirA6f2Ftves1rvG2DD3tXMivKmXP_TjlIWCGG0VP3wz_EW0hvJodjAII-E/s1600-h/HPs.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271187878255992642" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOd4ZKynjM02kfcGl0odSi8tJRV5eYuenh2P20HxqLcJxLqIH07y5wtb2_MpZuvNmoVwgDE_w0CKnAS22SNirA6f2Ftves1rvG2DD3tXMivKmXP_TjlIWCGG0VP3wz_EW0hvJodjAII-E/s400/HPs.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 282px;" /></a></center><br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">(Update:</span> Replaced example in the 4th bullet point.)<br /><br /><span class="byline-author">Posted by Daphne Dembo, Engineering Director</span>

Our international approach to search

In previous posts in this series , you have read about the challenges of building a world-class search engine. Our goal is to make Google’s ...

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