Setback for Sutter after $1B EHR crashes (in followup to post "RNs Say Sutter’s New Electronic System Causing Serious Disruptions to Safe Patient Care at East Bay Hospitals")

At my July 12, 2013 post "RNs Say Sutter’s New Electronic System Causing Serious Disruptions to Safe Patient Care at East Bay Hospitals" (<a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2013/07/rns-say-sutters-new-electronic-system.html">http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2013/07/rns-say-sutters-new-electronic-system.html</a>) I reproduced a California Nurses Association warning about rollout of an EHR at Sutter:<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"><b>RNs Say Sutter’s New Electronic System Causing Serious Disruptions to Safe Patient Care at East Bay Hospitals</b><br /><br />Introduction of a new electronic medical records system at Sutter corporation East Bay hospitals has produced multiple problems with safe care delivery that has put patients at risk, charged the California Nurses Association today.<br /><br />Problems with technology are not unique to health care ...  <span style="color: red;"><i><b>[What is unique to healthcare IT is the complete lack of regulation - ed.]</b></i></span><br /><br /><b>In over 100 reports</b> submitted by RNs at Alta Bates Summit Medical Center facilities in Berkeley and Oakland, nurses cited a variety of serious problems with the new system, known as Epic. <b>The reports are in union forms RNs submit to management documenting assignments they believe to be unsafe.</b><br /><br />Patient care concerns included<b> computerized delays in timely administration of medications and contact with physicians, ability to properly monitor patients, and other delays in treatment. </b> Many noted that the <b>excessive amount of time required to interact with the computer system, inputting and accessing data, sharply cuts down on time they can spend with patients </b>with frequent complaints from patients about not seeing their RN.  <span style="color: red;"><i><b>[Note: patients are not given the opportunity for informed consent about the risks, nor opt-out of EHR use in their care - ed.]</b></i></span></blockquote><br />In related posts I'd observed such concerns being ignored by hospital management.  See header of the aforementioned post.<br /><br />Now we have this:  a major system crash.<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">Healthcare IT News<br /><a href="http://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/setback-sutter-after-1b-ehr-system%20crashes">Setback for Sutter after $1B EHR crashes</a><br /><div class="top">'No access to medication orders, patient allergies and other information puts patients at serious risk'</div><div class="top"><span class="submitted">SACRAMENTO, CA | August 28, 2013</span></div><div class="top"></div><div class="top"><span class="submitted">The nearly $1 billion electronic health record system at Sutter Health in Northern California crashed early this week,<b> leaving nurses and clinical staff unable to access any patient information for a full day. </b><br />he Epic EHR was down Aug. 23 due to a planned upgrade for eight hours during which nurses and other clinical users could read medication orders and patient histories but had to record new data on paper to then be re-entered into the system later, according to reports from the California Nurses Association, part of National Nurses United, the largest nurses union in the U.S. <br /><br />Then, on the morning of Aug. 26 at approximately 8 a.m.,<b> the system crashed completely, at which time nurses, physicians and hospital staff had no access to patient information, including what medications patients were taking or required to take and all vital patient history data.  </b><br />  <br />The Epic EHR went dark at several Sutter Health locations, including Alta Bates Summit Medical Center, Eden Medical Center, Mills-Peninsula Hospital, Sutter Delta, Sutter Tracy, Sutter Modesto and numerous affiliated clinics. <br /><br />"This incident is especially worrisome," said Bonnie Castilla, RN, CNA legislative director, in a news release. <b>"No access to medication orders, patient allergies and other information puts patients at serious risk.</b>  These systems should never be relied upon for protecting patients or assuring the delivery of the safest care."  </span><span class="submitted"><span class="submitted"><i><b><span style="color: red;">[This is no exaggeration.  My mother was nearly killed by such a problem when caused by an EHR defect (</span><a href="http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfmaude/detail.cfm?mdrfoi__id=1729552">link</a><span style="color: red;">) that I averted at the last minute by happenstance of showing up at the right time, while she recuperating from another EHR-related disaster - ed.]  </span></b></i></span></span> </div></blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><div class="top"><span class="submitted">Some RNs also reported that Sutter <b>failed to provide adequate support during the blackout and didn't implement adequate backup planning. <br /> </b><br /><b>"All information such as medication administration records and patient histories was outdated by two to three days,</b>" said Mike Hill, Alta Bates Summit RN, in a news release. "There were no orders that could be seen of any kind through the day so nurses called for what they needed."<br /><br />Kevin Sweat, an emergency room RN at Eden Medical Center, a Sutter affiliate, also weighed in on the blackout, saying that in his 12 years as an RN he has never seen a system crash like this.  <br />   </span></div></blockquote>Worse, clinicians must now serve their Cybernetic Master to perfection, or be whipped (apparently to improve morale):<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">... "We have been on Epic for 5 months now, and we can no longer have incorrect orders, missing information or incorrect or missing charges. Starting on September 1st, <b>errors made in any of the above will result in progressive discipline,</b>" according to another hospital memo sent to staff. </blockquote><br />In the setting of dire warnings by the nurses of EHR dangers several months back that were likely largely ignored, if any patient was harmed or killed as a result of this latest fiasco, the corporate leadership has literally begged to be sued for negligence, in my view.<br /><br />However I'm sure a press release soon will claim that "<a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/Patient%20care%20has%20not%20been%20compromised">patient care has not been compromised</a>."<br /><br />Of course this includes now and moving forward, even with informational gaps all over the place.<br /><br />-- SS<br /><br /><b>Aug. 29, 2013 additional thought:</b><br /><br />The punishment for not being a 'perfect' user of this EHR is the ultimate "blame the user" (blame the victim?) game, considering the pressures of patient care in hospitals in lean times - partly due to EHR expense! - and EHRs that have not been formally studied for usability and are poorly designed causing "use error" (that is, a poor user experience promotes even careful users to make errors).  Cf. definition of bad health IT:<br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"><br /><span style="color: black; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><b>Bad Health IT</b> ("BHIT") is defined as IT that is ill-suited to purpose, hard to use, unreliable, loses data or provides incorrect data, causes cognitive overload, slows rather than facilitates users, lacks appropriate alerts, creates the need for <span class="SpellE">hypervigilance</span> (i.e., towards avoiding IT-related mishaps) that increases stress, is lacking in security, compromises patient privacy or otherwise demonstrates suboptimal design and/or implementation.</span></blockquote><br />The study of usability is getting underway only now via NIST but will likely be done in an industry-friendly way due to health IT politics.<br /><br />-- SS<br /><br /><b>Aug. 29, 2013 addendum</b><br /><br />There have been numerous comments over at HisTalk (at <a href="http://histalk2.com/2013/08/27/news-82813/">http://histalk2.com/2013/08/27/news-82813/</a>) defending the outage as not EPIC's fault.   From the point of view of clinicians - and more importantly, patients - it doesn't matter what component of the hospital's entire "EHR" (an anachronistic term used for what is now a complex enterprise clinical resource and clinician command-and-control system) went down.  <br /><br />Aside from all the EPIC issues the nurses have been complaining about (see earlier July 12, 2013 post linked above), the larger problem is that <b><i>IT malpractice</i></b> occurred.  The term "malpractice" is used in medical mishaps; I see no reason why it does not apply to major outages of mission critical healthcare information technology systems.<br /><br />IT malpractice in healthcare kills.<br /><br />These are the types of nurses I'd want caring for me and mine.  Letting this kind of snafu go "anechoic" does not promote proper management remedial education on Safety 101 and on health IT risk, two areas of education that management appears to desperately need in hospitals.<br /><br />-- SS<br /><br />

Setback for Sutter after $1B EHR crashes (in followup to post "RNs Say Sutter’s New Electronic System Causing Serious Disruptions to Safe Patient Care at East Bay Hospitals")

At my July 12, 2013 post "RNs Say Sutter’s New Electronic System Causing Serious Disruptions to Safe Patient Care at East Bay Hospitals...

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Calling Dr. Moe, Dr. Larry and Dr. Curly: Advocate Medical Breach of Four Million Patient Records, and No Encryption

At my Oct. 2011 post "<b>Still More Electronic Medical Data Chaos, Pandemonium, Bedlam, Tumult and Maelstrom: But Don't Worry, Your Data is Secure</b>" (<a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2011/10/still-more-ehr-chaos-pandemonium-bedlam.html">http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2011/10/still-more-ehr-chaos-pandemonium-bedlam.html</a>) I thought I'd seen the worst.<br /><br />Yet another post to add to the category of medical record privacy/confidentiality/security (<a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/medical%20record%20privacy">http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/medical%20record%20privacy),</a> however:<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"><a href="http://www.healthcareinfosecurity.com/advocate-medical-breach-no-encryption-a-6021">Advocate Medical Breach: No Encryption?</a><br />Computer Theft Raises Questions About Unencrypted Devices<br />By Marianne Kolbasuk McGee, August 27, 2013.<span class="date"></span><br /><br />The recent theft of <b>four unencrypted desktop computers </b>from a Chicago area physician group practice may result in the second biggest healthcare <a href="http://www.healthcareinfosecurity.com/breach-response-c-324"><b>breach</b></a> ever reported to federal regulators. But the bigger issue is: Why do breaches involving unencrypted computer devices still occur?<br /><br />According to the Department of Health and Human Services' "wall of shame" website listing 646 breaches impacting 500 or more individuals since September 2009, more than half of the incidents involved lost or stolen unencrypted devices. Incidents involving data secured by encryption do not have to be reported to HHS.<br /><br />... The <b>four unencrypted but password-protected computers <span style="color: red;"><i>[passwords on PC's are bypassable by smart teenagers - ed.]</i></span> stolen during a burglary in July from an office of <a href="http://www.healthcareinfosecurity.com/breach-may-affect-4-million-patients-a-6018">Advocate Medical Group</a> in Illinois may have exposed information of about 4 million patients,</b> according to an Advocate spokesman. </blockquote><br />4 million is about 1.3 percent of the entire U.S. population (about <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=us%20population">313.9 million</a> in 2012) ... on just four desktop computers.<br /><br />Try that with paper ...<br /><br />As to the subtitle of the article, "<b>Computer Theft Raises Questions About Unencrypted Devices</b>", I've written on that issue before.  I'd noted questions like that are remarkable considering both MacOS and Windows have built-in, readily available encryption, the latter for a few extra $ for the "deluxe version" (see <span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".r[2a5gp].[1][4][1]{comment10200246430313520_4728545}.[0].{right}.[0].{left}.[0].[0].[0][2]"><span data-reactid=".r[2a5gp].[1][4][1]{comment10200246430313520_4728545}.[0].{right}.[0].{left}.[0].[0].[0][2].[0]"><span data-reactid=".r[2a5gp].[1][4][1]{comment10200246430313520_4728545}.[0].{right}.[0].{left}.[0].[0].[0][2].[0].[0]"> </span><a class="" data-reactid=".r[2a5gp].[1][4][1]{comment10200246430313520_4728545}.[0].{right}.[0].{left}.[0].[0].[0][2].[0].[1]" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileVault" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileVault</a><span data-reactid=".r[2a5gp].[1][4][1]{comment10200246430313520_4728545}.[0].{right}.[0].{left}.[0].[0].[0][2].[0].[2]"> and </span><a class="" data-reactid=".r[2a5gp].[1][4][1]{comment10200246430313520_4728545}.[0].{right}.[0].{left}.[0].[0].[0][2].[0].[3]" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitlocker" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitlocker</a><span data-reactid=".r[2a5gp].[1][4][1]{comment10200246430313520_4728545}.[0].{right}.[0].{left}.[0].[0].[0][2].[0].[4]">).  </span></span></span><br /><br /><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".r[2a5gp].[1][4][1]{comment10200246430313520_4728545}.[0].{right}.[0].{left}.[0].[0].[0][2]"><span data-reactid=".r[2a5gp].[1][4][1]{comment10200246430313520_4728545}.[0].{right}.[0].{left}.[0].[0].[0][2].[0]"><span data-reactid=".r[2a5gp].[1][4][1]{comment10200246430313520_4728545}.[0].{right}.[0].{left}.[0].[0].[0][2].[0].[4]">Perhaps the best explanation in 2013 for unencrypted desktop PC's containing millions of confidential medical records is this picture, symbolic of the apparent attitudes of corporate and IT management on health IT security:</span></span></span><br /><br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Kj_lhSBkCf0/Uh4THzz11nI/AAAAAAAABrs/jIzgmEA9wTM/s1600/stooges+police300px.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Kj_lhSBkCf0/Uh4THzz11nI/AAAAAAAABrs/jIzgmEA9wTM/s1600/stooges+police300px.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".r[2a5gp].[1][4][1]{comment10200246430313520_4728545}.[0].{right}.[0].{left}.[0].[0].[0][2]"><span data-reactid=".r[2a5gp].[1][4][1]{comment10200246430313520_4728545}.[0].{right}.[0].{left}.[0].[0].[0][2].[0]"><span data-reactid=".r[2a5gp].[1][4][1]{comment10200246430313520_4728545}.[0].{right}.[0].{left}.[0].[0].[0][2].[0].[4]">Encryption?  We don't need no encryption.  We got triple protection already!</span></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".r[2a5gp].[1][4][1]{comment10200246430313520_4728545}.[0].{right}.[0].{left}.[0].[0].[0][2]"><span data-reactid=".r[2a5gp].[1][4][1]{comment10200246430313520_4728545}.[0].{right}.[0].{left}.[0].[0].[0][2].[0]"><span data-reactid=".r[2a5gp].[1][4][1]{comment10200246430313520_4728545}.[0].{right}.[0].{left}.[0].[0].[0][2].[0].[4]"><br /></span></span></span><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".r[2a5gp].[1][4][1]{comment10200246430313520_4728545}.[0].{right}.[0].{left}.[0].[0].[0][2]"><span data-reactid=".r[2a5gp].[1][4][1]{comment10200246430313520_4728545}.[0].{right}.[0].{left}.[0].[0].[0][2].[0]"><span data-reactid=".r[2a5gp].[1][4][1]{comment10200246430313520_4728545}.[0].{right}.[0].{left}.[0].[0].[0][2].[0].[4]"><br /></span></span></span><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".r[2a5gp].[1][4][1]{comment10200246430313520_4728545}.[0].{right}.[0].{left}.[0].[0].[0][2]"><span data-reactid=".r[2a5gp].[1][4][1]{comment10200246430313520_4728545}.[0].{right}.[0].{left}.[0].[0].[0][2].[0]"><span data-reactid=".r[2a5gp].[1][4][1]{comment10200246430313520_4728545}.[0].{right}.[0].{left}.[0].[0].[0][2].[0].[4]">-- SS</span></span></span><br /><span data-ft="{"tn":"K"}" data-reactid=".r[2a5gp].[1][4][1]{comment10200246430313520_4728545}.[0].{right}.[0].{left}.[0].[0].[0][2]"><span data-reactid=".r[2a5gp].[1][4][1]{comment10200246430313520_4728545}.[0].{right}.[0].{left}.[0].[0].[0][2].[0]"><span data-reactid=".r[2a5gp].[1][4][1]{comment10200246430313520_4728545}.[0].{right}.[0].{left}.[0].[0].[0][2].[0].[4]"><br /></span></span></span>

Calling Dr. Moe, Dr. Larry and Dr. Curly: Advocate Medical Breach of Four Million Patient Records, and No Encryption

At my Oct. 2011 post " Still More Electronic Medical Data Chaos, Pandemonium, Bedlam, Tumult and Maelstrom: But Don't Worry, Your ...

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What Sorts of People are "Most Influential in Healthcare?"

Modern Healthcare just put out their list of the <a href="http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20130824/INFO/130829987/100-most-influential-people-in-healthcare-2013-text-list">"100 Most Influential People in Healthcare"</a> for 2013.  A look at what sorts of people are on this list says a lot about who runs US health care, and raises questions about who should.<br /><br /><b>Some Health Care Professionals, Lots of Hired Managers</b><br /><br />I did some quick descriptive categorizations. (Counts were double checked but I am not guaranteeing accuracy.  Categorizations were sometimes difficult for highly diversified organizations.)<br /><br />First, less than one third of list members are physicians (31% by my count).  I did not see any other health professionals on it (although I confess I did not look up the biographies of all 100).<br /><br />Of these physicians, most are now functioning as hired managers, usually at the CEO level, of big health organizations.  I found only a few who could be characterized as somewhat academic: Dr Atul Gawande, professor at Harvard Medical School, Dr Eric Topol, chief academic officer at Scripps Health, Dr Harvey Fineberg, President, Institute of Medicine, Dr Brent James, chief quality officer and executive director, Institute for Health Care Delivery Research, Intermountain Healthcare,  and probably Dr Jeffrey Drazen, editor-in-chief of the New England Journal of Medicine.  <br /><br />My counts of hired managers on the list included<br /><br />CEOs of For-Profit Health Insurers - 5%<br /><br />CEO of For-Profit Hospital Systems - 8%<br /><br />CEOs of Non-Profit Hospital Systems - 21%<br /><br />CEOs of Other For-Profit Care Delivery Corporations - 7%<br /><br />CEOs of Drug/ Device/ Medical Supply Corporations - 2%<br /><br />CEOs of Health Care Information Technology Corporations - 1%<br /><br />CEOs of Non-Profit Trade Associations - 14%<br /><br />CEOs and other Leaders of Professional or Medical Association - 5%<br /><br />CEOs of Health Care Charities - 4%<br /><br />CEOs of Other Non-Profit Organizations - 15%<br /><br />Elected Government Leaders - 6%<br /><br />Leaders of Government Agencies, Departments - 10%<br /><br />Union Leaders - 2%<br /><br /><b>People Whose Organizations Have Issues</b><br /><br />The list included quite a few people who lead organizations which have had issues of the sort we discuss on Health Care Renewal.  For example, the list included the following among its top 10 most influential, in order of listed influence -<br /><br />4.  Stephen Hemsley, CEO of <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/UnitedHealth">UnitedHealth Group</a> - We have discussed concerns about his executive compensation and how it does not fit his organization's stated mission, or his organization's long list of ethical misadventures (most recently summarized <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2013/05/unitedhealth-ceo-continues-to-prosper_3.html">here</a>) <br /><br />6. Mark Bertolini, CEO, Aetna - We most recently discussed how Aetna's leaders' pontifications on health policy seem mainly based on self-interest (<a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2012/07/fool-us-once-shame-on-you-fool-us-twice.html">here</a>)  We also <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/Aetna">discussed</a> various other management, ethical and legal issues. <br /><br />7.  Richard Bracken, CEO, HCA - A long time ago, HCA was one of the first big health care corporations to have to make a billion dollar plus settlement for fraud, among other issues (look <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2010/05/how-did-ceo-who-presided-over-company.html">here</a>).  The company has had legal, ethical, and management issues <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/HCA">since</a>. <br /><br />8.  Joseph Swedish, CEO, WellPoint - He is new as CEO, but under previous leadership, the company amassed a record of misadventures while making its leadership very rich (summarized <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2013/04/wellpoints-former-manager-queen-got-206.html">here</a>, and look <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/WellPoint">here</a> for details.) <br /><br />The list also included many other people whose organizations have been frequent fliers on Health Care Renewal.  For example, the CEOs of <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/EPIC">Epic Systems</a> (ranked 13),  <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/Tenet">Tenet Healthcare</a> (18), <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/CIGNA">Cigna</a> (20), <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/McKesson">McKesson Corp</a> (24), <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/Sutter%20Health">Sutter Health</a> (42), <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/Johnson%20and%20Johnson">Johnson & Johnson</a> (46), <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/PhRMA">Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA)</a> (48), <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/HealthSouth">HealthSouth</a> (59),  <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/UPMC">UPMC</a> (69), and  <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/Steward%20Health%20Care">Steward Health Care System</a> (86).<br /><br />There are many other people on the list who lead organizations that have gotten unfavorable notice on this blog, and a few whose own extreme <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/executive%20compensation">executive compensation</a> garnered comment.  As my science professors used to say, I leave their identification as an exercise for those interested.<br /><br /><b>Who Is Not on the List</b><br /><br />It is interesting who is not on the list.  There are no physicians in private practice.   I would argue there are no physicians who are "pure" academics at the moment.  There are no other health care research, health policy research, or public health academics.<br /><br />I saw only one person on the list (Senator Charles Grassley - R, Iowa) who has been identified with the sorts of real health care reforms we discuss here.  (Senator Grassely has investigated many instances of alleged conflicts of interest and fraud, and sponsored the Sunshine Bill to disclose better physicians' conflicts of interest.)  I do not see anyone else who in my humble opinion is identified as a dissident within the current environment. <br /><br />Many of the media accounts we have noted include people identified as experts who decried such issues as excessive <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/executive%20compensation">executive compensation</a>, <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/mission-hostile%20management">mission-hostile management</a>, <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/conflicts%20of%20interest">conflicts of interest</a>, ethical issues leading to <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/legal%20settlements">legal settlements</a>, or <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/crime">crime</a> and <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/health%20care%20corruption">corruption</a> in health care.  None of them save Senator Grassley  are on this list.  <br /><br /><b>Summary</b><br /><br />The Modern Healthcare list of 100 most influential people in health care demonstrates the enormous influence of hired managers in modern health care.  The vast majority of list members were hired managers.  While the list did include some physicians, most of them were currently working as hired managers. <br /><br />It also demonstrates the influence of the for-profit, industrial part of health care.  It included 5 for-profit insurance CEOs, 8 for-profit hospital corporation CEOs, 7 for-profit health care delivery corporation CEOs, 2 for-profit drug/device company CEOs, and 1 for-profit health care IT CEO, a total of 23.  It also included CEOs of multiple trade associations, some of which represent the for-profit side of health care (e.g., PhRMA, America's Health Insurance Plans).  While it included leadership of many <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/non-profit%20organizations">non-profit organizations</a> as well, some of these organizations have clear financial links to the for-profit industrial side.  These ties may include significant financial support from industry, significant holdings of health care corporate stock, or managers or board members with their own relationships to industry.  (For example,  see <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2011/04/third-rail-that-no-one-wishes-to.html">this discussion </a>of conflicts of interest affecting the Gates Foundation, whose co-chair is 76 on the Modern Healthcare list.)  Many of the large, non-profit hospital systems, 21 of whose CEOs are on the list, have major<a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/institutional%20conflicts%20of%20interest"> institutional conflicts of interest</a>, and have many people with individual <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/conflicts%20of%20interest">conflicts of interest</a> among their leadership and on their <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/boards%20of%20trustees">boards of trustees</a>.<br /><br />As opposed to the influence of the for-profit industrial part of health care, the influence of government seems muted.  The list included only 6 politicians and 10 government managers.  Some of the politicians are notable proponents of smaller government, e.g. Senator Grassley, and specifically of a smaller role of government in health care, e.g., Governor Bobby Jindal, R, Louisiana.    Nor do unions have much influence.  Only two union leaders were on the list.  There was little counterweight provided to industrial influence from academia, and an almost complete absence of those who might question the current US status quo of dominance of health care by commercial interests.  <br /><br />So here is the latest evidence that US health care is dominated by commercial interests (in an era of <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/regulatory%20capture">regulatory capture</a>, <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/revolving%20doors">revolving doors</a>, and <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/financialization">financialization</a>) and professional, if often generic managers.  This suggests why our health care system seems more about revenue (and thus is very expensive), and less about improving patients' and the public's health.  True health care reform would require increasing the influence of people who have different priorities than the currently most influential.  <br /><br />

What Sorts of People are "Most Influential in Healthcare?"

Modern Healthcare just put out their list of the "100 Most Influential People in Healthcare" for 2013.  A look at what sorts of p...

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A Good Way to Cybernetically Harm or Kill Emergency Department Patients ... Via An ED EHR "Glitch" That Mangles Prescriptions

Yet another healthcare IT <b>"glitch"</b> - that banal little word used for potentially life-threatening software defects.  (See the query link <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/glitch">http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/glitch</a> for more examples.)<br /><br />An EHR/command and control system (including ordering, results reporting, etc.)  for hospital Emergency Departments, Picis Pulsecheck, was recalled by FDA.<br /><br />Reason?  "Notes associated with prescriptions<b> are not printed to the prescription or to the patient chart</b>."  The data apparently is not being sent to the printer or being stored for future visits.  Instead, data input by clinical personnel, in one of the most risk-prone medical settings, the Emergency Department, is <i><b>simply going away.</b></i><br /><br />This is reminiscent of the truncation of prescription drug "long acting" suffixes, apparently by a Siemens system, that led to thousands of prescription errors (perhaps tens of thousands) over more than a year's time.  I wrote about that matter, as reported by the news media, at "<b>Lifespan (Rhode Island): Yet another health IT "glitch" affecting thousands - that, of course, caused no patient harm that they know of - yet</b>" at <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2011/11/lifespan-rhode-island-yet-another.html">http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2011/11/lifespan-rhode-island-yet-another.html</a>.  <br /><br />Regarding the current Picis recall, notes connected with prescriptions can be crucial to the pharmacist or the patient.  Loss of those notes - apparently due to a computer glitch and most likely in this case without the prescribing clinician knowing about it - likely have been going on for some time now, since two software versions (5.2 and 5.3) are affected. <br /><br />The solution for now?<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"><i>"Consignees were provided with recommended actions until they receive the necessary update."</i></blockquote><br />In other words, a workaround adding more work to clinicians who now not only have to take care of patients, but in the unregulated health IT market need to (as if they don't already have enough work to do in the ED where chaos often occurs) <b><i>babysit computer glitches as well</i></b> - and pray they catch potential computer errors 100% of the time. <br /><br /><span id="user_provided">Below is the FDA MAUDE recall notice at </span>"<b>Medical & Radiation Emitting Device Recalls</b>", from <a href="http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfRes/res.cfm?ID=119832">http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfRes/res.cfm?ID=119832</a>.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/enforcement/enforce_rpt-Product-Tabs.cfm?action=select&recall_number=Z-1814-2013&w=08072013&lang=eng">At this additional link</a> we find that this FDA recall was "<span id="user_provided"><b>Voluntary: Firm Initiated</b>."  They apparently informed the FDA of the "glitch."</span><br /><br /><span id="user_provided">My question is - how did the company become aware of this "glitch"?  Also, were any patients put in harm's way, or injured, as a result of the prescription data loss?</span> <br /><br /><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" id="main" name="main"><span id="pageTitleHolder"></span></a><br /><br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lTX9AcdJjKU/Uhe_S_sK2PI/AAAAAAAABrA/vQR4Q1p7qJk/s1600/picis_recall2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lTX9AcdJjKU/Uhe_S_sK2PI/AAAAAAAABrA/vQR4Q1p7qJk/s1600/picis_recall2.jpg" width="351" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">FDA Device Recall Notice.  Click to enlarge; text below.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"><br /><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width: 100%px;"><tbody><tr><td width="33%"><br /></td><td align="left" style="color: #23238e; font-family: arial; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold;" width="34%">Class 2 Recall<br />ED PulseCheck</td><td align="right" width="33%"><a href="http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/relateditems.cfm?page_title=medical%20device%20recalls&item1_text=medical%20device%20recalls%20&item1_url=www.fda.gov/medicaldevices/safety/recallscorrectionsremovals/listofrecalls/default.htm&item2_text=fda%20enforcement%20report%20index&item2_url=www.fda.gov/safety/recalls/enforcementreports/default.htm"></a><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="14"><tbody><tr> <th align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Date Posted</span></th> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size: x-small;">July 29, 2013</span></td> </tr><tr> <th align="left" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Recall Number</span></th> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Z-1814-2013</span></td> </tr><tr> <th align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Product</span></th> <td align="left" class="hardbreak" valign="top"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Picis ED Pulsecheck - EMR Software Application - 2125, Software Versions: 5.2 and 5.3. The application stores patient information in a database, and it may analyze and/or display the data in different formats for evaluation by healthcare professionals for informational purposes.</span></td> </tr><tr> <th align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Code Information</span></th> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Software Versions 5.2 and 5.3</span></td> </tr><tr> <th align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Recalling Firm/</span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">Manufacturer</span></th> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Picis Inc.</span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">100 Quannapowitt Parkway</span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">Suite 405</span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">Wakefield, Massachusetts 01880</span></td> </tr><tr> <th align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size: x-small;">For Additional Information Contact</span></th> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Support Representative</span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">781-557-3000 </span></td> </tr><tr> <th align="left" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Reason for</span><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">Recall</span></th> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Notes associated with prescription are not printed to the prescription or to the patient chart. </b></span></td> </tr><tr> <th align="left" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Action</span></th> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Initial customer notifications were sent via email on June 21, 2013 informing consignees of the recall and providing further instruction regarding the software solution. <b>Consignees were provided with recommended actions until they receive the necessary update.</b></span></td> </tr><tr> <th align="left" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Quantity in Commerce</span></th> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size: x-small;">35</span></td> </tr><tr> <th align="left" nowrap="nowrap" valign="top"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Distribution</span></th> <td align="left" valign="top"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Nationwide Distribution, including the states of: AK, AR, AZ, CA, CO, DC, DE, FL, GA, ID, IN, MA, MD, MO, NH, NJ, OH, OR, SC, TN, WA, and WV.</span></td></tr></tbody></table></blockquote>Finally, I ask - how did this "glitch" escape the notice of the company before the software was put into production not in just one, but through two sequential versions?<br /><br />I propose that the lack of health IT regulatory controls due to special accommodation makes thorough software testing less "desirable" by a company (largely due to costs).<br /><br />Compare that to, say, software regulation in the Federal Aviation Administration:<br /><br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Order/8110.49%20Chg%201.pdf"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-P7PS2Q9LW-A/UhfDdUsCWuI/AAAAAAAABrc/tkm_VuY4lHM/s1600/faa_approval.jpg" width="247" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>FAA Aircraft Software Approval Guidelines</b> - available at <a href="http://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Order/8110.49%20Chg%201.pdf">http://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Order/8110.49%20Chg%201.pdf</a>.  Click to access.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />The FAA document begins:<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">"This order establishes procedures for evaluating and approving aircraft software and changes to appropriate approved aircraft software procedures."</blockquote><br />Software regulation in other mission critical industries like aviation and pharma make the health IT industry and its lack of regulation look pathetic.<br /><br /><br />-- SS

A Good Way to Cybernetically Harm or Kill Emergency Department Patients ... Via An ED EHR "Glitch" That Mangles Prescriptions

Yet another healthcare IT "glitch" - that banal little word used for potentially life-threatening software defects.  (See the que...

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The Long Con - "Charitable" Hospitals Make Multimillionaires out of Their CEOs

The CEOs of ostensibly charitable hospitals founded to serve the poor continue to become rich.   <br /><br />The latest reminders are in two articles from Maryland, f<a href="http://www.delmarvanow.com/article/20130812/WIC01/308110024/Inside-Maryland-hospital-CEO-pay">rom DelMarVaNow,</a> and <a href="http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2013-08-17/health/bs-hs-health-compensation-20130817_1_hospital-ceos-health-care-executives-compensation">from the Baltimore Sun</a>,.and one <a href="http://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2013/08/15/top-executives-earned-million-boston-teaching-hospitals-according-filings/story.html">from the Boston Globe.</a><br /><br />All this diligent reporting showed multimillion dollar <a href="http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2013-08-17/health/bs-hs-health-compensation-20130817_1_hospital-ceos-health-care-executives-compensation">executive compensation</a>,  as usual not justified by evidence or logic, but also how executive compensation is becoming divorced from the ostensible charitable mission of non-profit hospitals.   <br /><br /><b>Most Hospital CEOs are Paid a Lot</b><br /><br />So jin Maryland, we found via DelMarVaNow,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">Peninsula Regional Medical Center paid its top executive and her immediate predecessor a total of $2.37 million in compensation in 2011 as the nonprofit hospital gained millions of dollars in profit.</blockquote><br />In particular,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"> The analysis shows that R. Alan Newberry was the third-highest paid hospital chief in Maryland, even though he has not run PRMC since 2009. <i>In the year after formally stepping down from the hospital’s top job, Newberry received <b>$1.57 million</b>,</i> about $600,000 more than he had while still working full time.</blockquote><br />The Baltimore Sun summarized compensation given to multiple executives,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"> <i>Eleven executives earning seven-figure compensation packages</i> including salary, bonus, retirement and other pay saw their total pay rise from as little as 0.13 percent to as much as 308 percent in the fiscal year that ended in 2012, according to tax filings. Another executive earning more than $1 million saw a pay cut.</blockquote><br />In particular,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"> The state's highest-compensated hospital executive that fiscal year was <i>Kenneth A. Samet, the CEO of the 10-hospital MedStar Health system, who</i> <i>earned <b>$6.3 million</b>.</i> More than half — $3.5 million — was money earned in a supplemental retirement plan during his 23 years of service. He won't get the money until he retires. His base pay was $1.2 million, and he received $1.5 million as a bonus and incentives.<br /><br />The other top five highest-paid executives in Maryland are James Xinis, CEO at Calvert Memorial Hospital in Prince Frederick; Ronald A. Peterson, CEO of the Johns Hopkins Health Center Corp.; Robert A. Chrencik, CEO of the University of Maryland Medical System; and Thomas Mullen, CEO of Mercy Medical Center.<br /><br /><i>Xinis saw his compensation package jump 307.8 percent to <b>$3.5 million</b></i>, $2.8 million of which was a required distribution of vested retirement funds from a plan he begin contributing to in 2003, the hospital said in a statement. Xinis has served as CEO for 26 years and plans to retire in the next 18 months, the hospital said. His base salary in fiscal 2012 was $309,557.<br /><br /><div class="mod-baltsunarticletext mod-articletext" id="mod-a-body-first-para"><i>Peterson, who oversees six hospitals, earned a <b>$3.5 million</b> compensation package. </i>Peterson's 86.5 percent pay increase largely reflected pension benefits he'd earned during 40 years at Hopkins. His annual base salary increased about $49,500 to $1.1 million in fiscal 2012.<br /><br /><i>Chrencik, whose system has 12 hospitals, earned about <b>$2.3 million</b>.</i> Chrencik's total pay grew 23.4 percent. Mercy's Mullen saw his pay rise 24 percent to $1.6 million for the fiscal year ending in 2012.</div><div class="float" style="clear: both; height: 1px; line-height: 1px;"><img alt="" height="1" src="http://articles.baltimoresun.com/images/pixel.gif" width="1" /></div><div class="float" style="clear: both; height: 1px; line-height: 1px;"><img alt="" height="1" src="http://articles.baltimoresun.com/images/pixel.gif" width="1" /></div><br />The one CEO earning more than $1 million who saw his compensation fall was <i>Edward D. Miller, who retired in June 2012 as CEO of Johns Hopkins Medicine and dean of the university's medical school. His reported pay dropped to just over <b>$1 million</b> in fiscal 2012 from nearly $2.3 million the prior year,</i> when he took a one-time retirement payout.</blockquote><br />Also,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">According to Saint Agnes tax filings, [CEO Bonnie] <i>Phipps received <b>$1.9 million</b> </i>in the 2012 fiscal year, 4.4 percent more compensation than a year earlier.</blockquote><br /> Per the Boston Globe, local hospital executives also did really well<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"><i>Chief executives at the Boston area’s largest nonprofit teaching hospitals drew pay packages of $1 million to $2.1 million in 2011</i>, including salaries, bonuses, and compensation such as health and life insurance and retirement benefits.<br /><br />Topping the list locally was <i>Gary L. Gottlieb, chief executive of Partners HealthCare System, the state’s largest hospital and physicians organization, who received total compensation of <b>$2.1 million</b></i> in 2011, according to federal tax documents released Thursday by the nonprofits.</blockquote><br />And,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">The presidents of Partners-owned Massachusetts General and Brigham and Women’s hospitals also drew seven-figure packages in 2011, with <i>Peter L. Slavin at Mass. General receiving a total of <b>$1.7 million</b> and Elizabeth G. Nabel at Brigham and Women’s a total of <b>$1.9 million</b>.</i></blockquote><br />Also,<br /><br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"><i>Tufts Medical Center reported that Ellen M. Zane, who served as chief executive through September 2011, had total pay of <b>$1.6 million</b></i> that year.<br /><br />Eric J. Beyer, who took over from Zane in October, had total compensation of $744,722 that included pay for work as chief executive and at his previous job as president of the Tufts Medical Center Physicians Organization.<br /><br /><i>James Mandell, chief executive at Boston Children’s Hospital, was paid a total of <b>$1.5 million </b>in 2011. </i>That was down from the $2 million he earned the prior year when he received two separate incentive awards, according to a hospital spokeswoman. Mandell plans to retire next month and will be succeeded by Sandra Fenwick, the hospital’s president and chief operating officer.<br /><br />Total compensation for <i>Boston Medical Center chief executive Kate Walsh was listed at nearly <b>$1.4 million</b> in 2011</i>, an increase from $1.3 million in 2010.<br /><br /><i>At Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, chief executive Edward J. Benz Jr. received total compensation of nearly <b>$1.3 million</b></i> in 2011, up from $1.1 million in 2010.<br /><br />Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center paid three different top executives in 2011.<br /><br /><i>Eric Buehrens, who served as interim chief executive from February to October, drew total compensation of just over <b>$1 million</b></i> for that role and other executive jobs. </blockquote><br /><b>The Justification for this Pay is Stereotyped (and not Supported by Logic or Evidence)</b><br /><br /><u>The Usual Talking Points</u><br /><br />The articles in combination provided the usual talking points as justification.  It seems nearly every attempt made to defend the outsize compensation given hospital and health system executives involves the same arguments, thus suggesting they are talking points, possibly crafted as a public relations ploy.   We first listed the talking points <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2011/09/talking-points-sans-original-thought-to.html">here</a>, and then provided additional examples of their use <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2011/09/more-repeats-of-talking-points.html">here</a>, <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2012/03/example-of-how-complex-takes-control.html">here</a> <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2012/12/health-care-hired-managers-not-playing.html">here,</a> <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2013/05/executive-compensation-as-legal.html">here</a>, <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2013/06/no-blues-but-lots-of-green-for-st-louis.html">here,</a> and <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2013/08/should-we-cry-for-non-profit-hospital.html">here</a>..   <br /><br />They are:<br />- We have to pay competitive rates<br />- We have to pay enough to retain at least competent executives, given how hard it is to be an executive<br />- Our executives are not merely competitive, but brilliant.<br /><br />As we have <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2013/08/should-we-cry-for-non-profit-hospital.html">noted before</a>, there is little evidence in support of these talking points.  What evidence there is on the topic suggests there is no real free market in interchangeable CEOs, and that CEOs are not very mobile, especially not across different kinds of organizations (look <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2012/10/more-reasons-to-doubt-how-ceos-are.html">here</a>).  There is little evidence that hospital (or other health care) executives are particularly brilliant, or any more brilliant than multitudes of physicians, nurses, and other health care professionals who work hard to make their institutions run.<br /><br />True to form, the reporting from Maryland and Boston found that defenders of executive pay cited the talking points, but without any further logic or evidence.  <br /><br /><i>Competition</i><br /><br />Re PRMC (from DelMarVaNow),<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"> '<i>We’ve looked at about 17 like institution</i>s. Eight are smaller than we are; eight are larger. Every hospital is different, so you have to always take into account there’s some variation, but <i>we’ve always stayed in the middle</i>. Our goal has been to <i>stay in that 60 percent level as far as compensation goes</i>,' said Martin Neat, chairman of PRMC’s board of directors, which oversees executives’ salaries.­</blockquote>Note that in this case, no justification was provided for constantly setting the CEOs pay above the median.<br /><br /><br />Re Maryland, via the Baltimore Sun<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"> Hospitals argue that they have to offer <i>competitive compensation</i> to attract talent to run a complicated business.</blockquote><br />Re Maryland and particularly UMMS, via the Sun,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"> The medical institutions say they hire independent consultants and look at the pay of executives at <i>comparable health systems </i>when making their decisions. </blockquote><br /><br />Also, <br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">UMMS hospital executives are compensated in line with national benchmarks,' [UMMS spokeswoman Mary Lynn] Carver said. </blockquote><br />Note that there was no justification for the comparability of these institutions, or why a national versus regional comparison was made. <br /><br /><i>Retention</i><br /><br />Re PRMC<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"> Above all, PRMC’s board of directors seeks to ensure that the hospital attracts and retains the best leaders.</blockquote><br />Note that there was no evidence given that current leaders might leave were their compensation reduced. <br /><br /> <i>Brilliance</i><br /><br />Re PRMC,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">[Board Chairman Neat]  added: 'These are high-paid positions, but these are <i>very capable people</i> who could go elsewhere.'</blockquote><br />Re Maryland, from the Baltimore Sun<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"> Executives need to <i>understand everything from the latest health technologies to regulatory changes, including health reform</i>.</blockquote>So do doctors and nurses, so why do they not not get similar pay?<br /><br />Also,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"> [Carmela Coyle, CEO of the Maryland Hospital Association, said,] 'Hospital executives are <i>in charge of incredibly complex organizations,' she said. 'They are organizations that are open 24 hours a day and are highly regulated. These are really difficult, difficult jobs'.</i></blockquote><br />Note again the lack of comparison with the doctors and nurses who must staff the hospitals 24 hours a day, and make difficult decisions while caring for patients with sometimes life-threatening conditions.  How often does a hospital CEO get a call in the middle of the night, and how often does it require a decision in a life-and-death situation?<br /><br />Re Mercy Medical Center,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"> 'As a result of <i>Mr. Mullen's leadership, vision and skillful stewardship, Mercy has been an economic engine for the city</i>, infusing additional jobs into the local economy,' the hospital said in a statement.</blockquote><br />When in doubt, use the v (for visionary) word.  Note that this begs the questions of how many other people were responsible for the economic benefits, and whether such benefits, rather than, say ability to provide good care to patients, should be the main consideration.<br /><br /><u>Should Brilliance be Measured by Revenue? </u><br /><br />At best, some defenders of high CEO pay seem to argue that the main measure of CEO brilliance ought to be their hospitals' financial performance. For example, the DelMarvaNow article included,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"><i>Fiscal health is one of the most important considerations in determining [new CEO Peggy] Naleppa's pay</i>, [board chairman] Neat said. </blockquote><br />Also, he was quoted,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">'There's <i>no question that the financial performance of the institution is going to affect what you're going to pay',</i> Neat said.</blockquote><br />While,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">Nationwide, hospital boards subscribe to a similar philosophy.  <i>Financial health was cited by 100 percent of multi-hospital organizations </i>in a 2006 survey as a factor in determining bosses' incentive plans.</blockquote><br /><br />Similarly, the Baltimore Sun quoted Dr Stephen F Jencks, "who serves on the board of the cost review commission," <br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">executives should be judged by <i>whether they are running cost-efficient organizations</i></blockquote><br />However, CEO pay seems to increase even at financially challenged institutions,  as the Baltimore Sun noted,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">The CEO pay question — always a hot-button issue — is generating debate again this year after a state panel spurned a push by hospitals for higher rates, instead approving smaller increases and calling on them to do more to curb expenses. Hospitals have sought rate increases in each of the past three years, and this year <i>at least one Baltimore-area hospital responded with layoffs in an effort to trim labor costs.</i></blockquote><br />So,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">'<i>If they are laying off staff and decreasing what they invest in the community and executive compensation is increasing, that is a real question,</i>' said Jessica Curtis, project director of the hospital accountability project at Community Catalyst, a national advocacy group that promotes wider access to affordable health care.</blockquote>Even if one accepts that the compensation of leaders of organizations that take care of sick and injured patients ought to mainly depend on the brilliance of their leadership as measured by how much money the organizations make, rather than the quality of that care, it is not clear that all these leaders are brilliant in that sense.<br /><br /><b>The Charitable Mission and CEO Compensation</b><br /><br />Essentially all US non-profit hospitals and hospital systems have a history of a charitable mission to improve the health of their patients and communities, even if that means taking care of poor people who cannot pay for these services.  Nearly all justify their legal status as non-profit corporations by stating this mission. <br /><br />For example, Peninsula Regional Medical Center, the main subject of the DelMarVaNow article, describes its mission thus in its <a href="http://www.guidestar.org/FinDocuments/2012/520/591/2012-520591628-094036fd-9.pdf">US tax filing</a>,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">Peninsula Regional Medical Center is a not-for-profit 501 (c) 3 non-stock corporation founded in 1897 to serve the health care needs of the community.  The Hospital's <i>primary purpose is to provide the highest [sic] primary, secondary, and selected tertiary health care services to residents of and visitors</i> to the Mid-Delmarva Peninsula in a competent, compassionate, and cost effective manner designed to elicit a high degree of consumer satisfaction.  The Hospital's mission is to <i>improve the health of the communities we serve</i>....</blockquote><br />Yet it appears that this mission is honored mainly in the breach, at least when it comes to CEO compensation.  <br /><br />The DelMarVaNow article emphasized that hospitals' charitable functions are not seen as relevant by hospital boards when setting CEO compensation, <br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">Despite the nonprofit status of the organizations they oversee, <i>hospital boards don't appear to put weight toward the amount of free medical services and community outreach activities, good deeds collectively known as charity care,</i> [executive vice president of Integrated Healthcare Strategies Kevin] Talbot</blockquote><br />Also,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">The head of the consulting firm that helps PRMC's board establish [current CEO] Naleppa's pay said <i>community benefit shouldn't be part of the equation.</i><br /><br />'In my over 25 years of consulting on hospital compensation, <i>I have never seen community benefit used as a factor in determining executive pay,' </i>Rian Yaffe said.  'Community benefit has nothing to do with how difficult a hospital is to manage and lead.'</blockquote><br />However, community benefit is the mission of the hospital, and is justification for most US hospitals' non-profit status, which allows them to escape certain kinds of taxation, and for donors to make charitable, tax-advantaged contributions to the hospitals.   <br /><br />The Baltimore Sun listed financial but not charitable performance as a justification for the compensation of a particular executive, the CEO of Johns Hopkins Medical Center, who is<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">'held responsible for stringent qualitative measures,'  in such areas as financial performance, patient safety and service excellence, [Johns Hopkins] spokeswoman Kim Hoppe said in a statement.</blockquote><br />When asked by the Sun to comment, the advocacy group Community Catalyst stated<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">One of the factors that should be considered, it says, is the role of non-profit hospitals in the community and in providing charity care.  </blockquote><br />Meanwhile, while the hospitals gain advantages from ostensibly focused on the mission of providing community care and benefit, not only are there leaders not given incentives to uphold this mission, they are explicitly compared to leaders of for-profit organizations who have no such missions, and who are primarily tasked with increasing short term revenue in this era of "<a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/financialization">financialization</a>."  <br /><br />In the Baltimore Sun,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">Hospitals note that they <i>compete with private sector businesses where their executives could choose to work instead.</i></blockquote>Again, as noted above, there is little evidence that top hired managers are really that mobile, and less that a manager from one sector, e.g., non-profit hospitals, would be in great demand in another, e.g., a for-profit corporation.<br /><br />The Boston Globe noted an argument made that implied no one should complain about how much non-profit hospital executives make, since executives of for-profit corporations make even more.<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"> 'In a big successful teaching hospital, it’s very rare to see anything less than $1 million in total compensation for the chief executive, and $1.5 million to $2 million is the norm,' [managing director of consulting firm Compensation Resources Paul R] Dorf said. '<i>Executives at publicly traded pharma or medical device companies can make 10 times as much</i>.' </blockquote>So if there is little evidence for the mobility of top hired managers, there is less for the desirability of managers of non-profit hospitals as heads of large pharmaceutical or medical device companies.  But furthermore, in trying to justify, albeit illogically, outsize CEO compensation, the defenders of this compensation have provided evidence that the leaders and stewards of non-profit hospitals may no longer care about the hospitals' fundamental mission.  This suggests that hospitals' overt declarations of their mission, especially when used to obtain more donations and tax benefits, may amount to the ethical equivalent of a "long con," that is, a long-term confidence scheme.<br /><br /><br /><b>Summary</b><br /><br />While F Scott Fitzgerald noted that the very rich are different from you and me, it may now be more appropriate to say that top hired managers are very different from you and me.  Again and again we see that they play by very different sets of rules than do other people who work in health care.  Notably, while they often emphasize cost cutting, and may be quick to lay off or outsource other employees, their compensation increases year by year no matter how well their organizations are doing.  While other employees, increasingly now including doctors as well as other health care professionals, have to answer to the hired managers, the hired managers only answer to boards of directors or trustees who often act like their cronies, perhaps because they are often also current or retired hired managers.<br /><br />Hired managers are subject to incentives that seem designed not to improve patients' and the public's health, but at best to improve the short-term revenue of health care organizations, and at worst to increase the wealth of hired managers.  Such perverse incentives risk promoting ill-considered, mission-hostile, or even corrupt management.  The sorts of people who aspire to be hired managers in such conditions are likely not the sort of people one would expect to really advance the health of patients or of the population.<br /><br />As a first step to restoring health care leadership to some state of reasonable accountability and responsibility, we need to challenge the rules that only hired managers play by.  It would be nice to see articles in the media about health care CEO compensation that at least attempt to question the usual talking points.  All of us could think about how we could challenge our local million dollar plus hospital CEOs to justify why they should be treated so differently from all other hospital employees.<br /><br />Since it seems that many hospitals no longer fit at least the spirit of the definition of not-for-profit organizations, even though they use this designation for financial advantage, we need policies to encourage them to uphold their mission, and that provide negative consequences if they do not.  <br /><br />

The Long Con - "Charitable" Hospitals Make Multimillionaires out of Their CEOs

The CEOs of ostensibly charitable hospitals founded to serve the poor continue to become rich.   The latest reminders are in two articles fr...

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The Mystery of the Northwestern Settlement - the Plot Thickens

A few weeks ago, we wrote about this curious case.<br /><br /><b>How the Case Stood </b><br /><br />Northwester University, a prominent research university, settled charges it had mismanaged US government grant funds.  While it did not admit guilt, and specifically exonerated the faculty leader on whose watch the mismanagement allegedly occurred, the settlement and most of its coverage strongly suggested wrongdoing by the faculty member in charge of the scientific conduct of the grants, Professor Charles L Bennett.  While the alleged financial mismanagement was of funds in the mere millions, a relatively small amount as federal fraud cases go, and there were no allegations of anything harmful to patients, or of any research misconduct, the investigation involved multiple federal agencies, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation.  The settlement of charges of financial mismanagement, not research misconduct,  included unfavorable references to Dr Bennett, who as Principal Investigator should have been in charge of the scientific conduct of the grants, but not of their financial management.  Much bigger cases of alleged fraud, involving hundreds of millions of dollars, and potentially harm to patients due to overuse of dangerous drugs or devices, have not involved the FBI, and not included any disparagement of individuals who could have authorized, directed, or implemented the alleged misbehavior.<br /><br />None of the initial press coverage noted the peculiarity of these aspects of the case, nor provided any explanations for them.       <br /><br />Days later, the Cancer Letter published a long article in this case, which is now <a href="http://www.cancerletter.com/articles/20130809">available without a subscription</a>.  This article includes even more curiosities that raise even more questions.<br /><br /><b>Dr Bennett Found Irregularities, Sangoleye Pleaded Guilty, Nobody Noticed </b><br /><br />In the original media coverage, Dr Bennett was accused based on complaints by a whistle blower.  For example, in an <a href="http://www.suntimes.com/news/21623742-418/northwestern-to-pay-nearly-3-million-to-settle-cancer-research-fraud-suit.html">article</a> in the Chicago Sun-Times,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"> A <i>whistleblower suit filed under seal in 2009 by former Lurie Cancer Center worker Melissa Theis </i>first alleged the wrongdoing by Bennett. </blockquote><br /><br />However, the story in the Cancer Letter suggests Dr Bennett had tried to blow the whistle himself.  First,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">Bennett said the allegations that he spent NCI money on dinners and vacations were inaccurate. He said he had encountered administrative irregularities at Northwestern and <i>reported them to compliance officials.</i></blockquote><br />In addition,<br /><br />'I <i>reported administrative issues by Northwestern University with my grants to the university compliance officer</i> in 2006, just prior to my long-term bout with cancer that was diagnosed there,' Bennett said to The Cancer Letter. 'I have never had a single administrative discussion about the matter with anyone.'<br /><br />Specifically,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">Bennett’s statement about lax administration of grants at Northwestern appears to be bolstered by <i>an aspect of the scandal that has escaped media attention </i>even as multiple news stories in Chicago and national outlets focused on the settlement.<br /><br />The Cancer Letter has learned that <b><i>days before the settlement with Northwestern was announced, a former research administrator at the Division of Hematology and Oncology at the university’s medical school pled guilty to felony charges stemming from administration of Bennett’s NCI grants.</i></b><br /><br />According to documents filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, <i>Feyifunmi Sangoleye, the rogue administrator, set up an elaborate scheme to divert $86,000 to her personal accounts.</i>The proceeds financed a wedding and a honeymoon in Europe, court documents say.</blockquote><br />The article later included more detail,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">Bennett said that he <i>saw irregularities in the actions of the research administrator </i>who handled his Research for Adverse Drug Events and Reports and that he has <i>alerted the administration of the Division of Hematology and Oncology.</i><br /><br /><b><i>That same administrator, Sangoleye, pled guilty to larceny and theft, admitting to having embezzled NCI funds from Bennett’s program</i></b> into a checking account created in the name of a fictitious contractor.<br /><br />According to court documents, <i>Sangoleye created a vendor code for a fictitious entity she called ATSDATA.</i><br /><br />Then she <i>created 10 false invoices</i> from that entity and <i>paid them with Northwestern’s checks.</i><br /><br />The checks were <i>sent to the ATSDATA post office box, which Sangoleye had rented, and placed into a bank account she created.</i><br /><br />Between June 29, 2007, and July 29, 2008, ATSDATA received eight Northwestern checks that added up to $86,000. '<i>Sangoleye converted the proceeds of the ATSDATA checks to her own use and to the use of another' individual,</i> the plea agreement states.<br /><br />'I knew nothing about ATSDATA,' Bennett said in response to questions from The Cancer Letter. '<i>The administrator told me that ATSDATA was the billing address for the University of Illinois Survey Research Laboratory</i>, a formal subcontractor. I did not know that the Survey Research Lab had any particular billing name.<i> I have documented this to Jonathan Licht [chief of Northwestern’s Division of Hematology/Oncology] in 2008.</i>'</blockquote>So in summary, Dr Bennett, who was responsible for the scientific integrity but not the financial management of his grants, reported financial irregularities to Northwestern managers.  These reports lead to a guilty plea by a former Northwestern manager who admitted embezzling money.  However, this guilty plea was anechoic.  It did not appear in any media accounts.  The settlement negotiated between Northwestern University and the government did not acknowledge it.    <br /><br /><br />According to the Cancer Letter, Northwestern managers did not want to discuss the crimes of Sangoleye when the Cancer Letter brought it up,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"><i> Northwestern officials declined to discuss Sangoleye, </i>saying only that she had been employed by the university as a research administrator from February 2006 through August 2009.</blockquote><br />The Cancer Letter suggested why the university might have had an interest in keeping the Sangoleye crimes and its settlement of the allegations about Dr Bennett apart.<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">Legal experts say that <i>the final plea agreement between Sangoleye and the government would have weakened Northwestern’s position in negotiating the settlement</i>. The final version of the plea agreement with Sangoleye was filed on July 25, just five days prior to the announcement of the government’s $3 million settlement with Northwestern.</blockquote>Northwestern University might have had an interest in keeping the Sangoleye criminal case and its civil case separate.  However, the government did not obviously have such an interest.<br /><br /><b><i>Why did the government not address Sangoleye's crimes in the settlement it made with Northwestern University?</i></b><br /><br /><b>The Ambiguities of the Named Whistle Blower's Work</b><br /><br />As we noted in our <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2013/08/the-mystery-of-northwestern-settlement.html">earlier post</a> on this case, the role of the named whistle blower, Melissa Theis, was unclear, especially vis a vis Dr Bennett.  Although Dr Bennett as Principal Investigator of some of the grants involved ought not to have had any direct control of the financial management of the grants, Ms Theis apparently worked in some financial management capacity.  Yet Ms Theis apparently blew the whistle on the university, and on Dr Bennett for alleged financial, not research mismanagement. <br /><br />The Cancer Letter raised new doubts about Ms Theis' role,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">Several observers were <i>surprised to see that the relator, Theis, was never employed by the cancer center</i>.<br /><br />According to her 2009 suit, Theis came to Northwestern as a temp two years earlier, in 2007, serving as a <i>purchasing coordinator for the Division of Hematology and Oncology. The division, which is separate from the cancer center, administered all but one of the grants in question, the NIH database shows.</i><br /><br />After a year, in 2008, Theis was <i>hired as a fulltime employee of the Northwestern Medical Faculty Foundation. The foundation, which runs the medical practice, is also separate from the cancer center.</i> She left Northwestern in October 2008.<br /><br />'Theis specifically noted that <i>invoices were submitted for consultants and services that were never included in the initial grant budget,</i>' the complaint states. 'Invoices were submitted for consultants and services that were significantly in excess of the amount budgeted for the grant, and many of the consultants and vendors failed to provide detailed information about the actual services rendered.'</blockquote><br />Again, in the usual practice, such invoices might have been requested by a grant investigator, but the requests would have to have been vetted and then the invoices would have to have been generated by managers, not scientists or physicians.  <br /><br /><b><i>Who really administered these grants, and why did the settlement minimize the responsibility of university managers while apparently blaming scientists for bad financial management?</i></b><br /><br /><b>Dr Bennett's Supporters and Enemies</b><br /><br />In our <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2013/08/the-mystery-of-northwestern-settlement.html">first post</a> on this case, we had contrasted how the settlement and media coverage of it appeared to heap blame upon Dr Bennett alone, while not attaching any responsibility to his academic supervisor on one hand, or any university managers on the other.  We noted that Dr Bennett, after having been a consultant for Amgen,  had become known as a "pharmascold," a skeptic of pharmaceutical industry practices, and the author of research that suggested one Amgen product was more hazardous than had been previously thought.  His supervisor, on the other hand, had multiple ongoing financial ties to the pharmaceutical industry.<br /><br />The Cancer Letter suggested others were trying to connect related dots. First, in general,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">Making enemies is an exhaustively studied side effect of probing the safety of cancer drugs, and during much of the period in question, <i>Bennett was producing more than his standard quota of foes.</i></blockquote><br />In particular,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">Now, researchers who worked with Bennett on the ESA issues are puzzled by his legal problems. <br /><br />'<i>Charlie has been an important voice in raising concerns regarding the use of erythropoietin in patients with cancer,'</i> said Anthony Blau, co-director, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine at the University of Washington. 'In particular, his 2008 metaanalysis, published in JAMA, heightened awareness of the issue and helped to reduce the indiscriminate use of erythropoietin in cancer patients.'<br /><br />Blau is a co-author on the <a href="http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=181533">JAMA paper</a> [as noted in our <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2013/08/the-mystery-of-northwestern-settlement.html">previous post</a>.] <br /><br />'<i>This doesn’t really fit in his picture,</i>' said Michael Henke, a radiation oncologist in Freiburg, Germany, who was the first to stumble across potential problems stemming from overuse of ESAs.<br /><br />'You might recall, we got in contact in 2003 when our group communicated potential dismal effects of erythropoietin on cancer patients—a story not really appreciated these days because of economic interests,'  Henke said referring to the pioneering paper in The Lancet. Henke was the senior author on the JAMA paper.<br /><br />'However, Dr. Bennett and we consistently gathered additional data that were finally reported as a meta-analysis in 2008. Consequently, erythropoietin prescriptions dramatically decreased, eventually prolonging or even saving lives of cancer patients.'<br /><br />'While collaborating, I did learn him <i>as extraordinarily active, alert-eyed colleague who strictly adhered to serious scientific conduct and to the wellbeing of patients</i>.'<br /><br />Henke confesses to <i>wondering whether the many powerful enemies Bennett made in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have struck back.</i><br /><br />'We shouldn’t feed paranoia,' Henke said.  'However, given the exclusively positive experience when collaborating with his group, makes me <i>wonder whether this litigation might follow some very particular other issues</i>.'</blockquote><br /><b><i>Did Dr Bennett's transformation from a consultant to to a fierce scientific skeptic of the pharmaceutical industry influence the handling of this case, and its media coverage?</i></b><br /><br /><b>Summary</b><br /><br />The coverage by the Cancer Letter underscores our previous concerns, so I will simply repeat the summary from my last post.<br /><br />The settlement by Northwestern University, which was mainly about allegations made against Dr Charles L Bennett, who was not a party to the settlement, was very different that the vast majority of the <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/legal%20settlements">march of legal settlements</a> whose continuation we have frequently discussed.<br /><br />The settlement and its media coverage raised important questions whose answers would be important to the assessment of  our current regulatory and legal response to misbehavior by and within large health care organizations.  Health Care Renewal is about raising such issues by commenting on public information, media reports, and research.  I hope those with capacity to investigate will consider these questions.  Inquiring minds want to know.<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-h8xyYVa-9DA/UhPI6oR3xOI/AAAAAAAAAHI/HvK7woyBUaE/s1600/SherlockHolmes(RMP082013).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="196" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-h8xyYVa-9DA/UhPI6oR3xOI/AAAAAAAAAHI/HvK7woyBUaE/s200/SherlockHolmes(RMP082013).jpg" width="200" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OeYHvk6PfXg/UhO9drSloMI/AAAAAAAAAGo/Eli6UUtCeyw/s1600/SherlockHolmes(RMP082013).jpg" imageanchor="1"><br /></a></div>ADDENDUM (27 August, 2013) - See also <a href="http://brodyhooked.blogspot.com/2013/08/the-fate-of-scientist-who-reveals-drug.html">comments</a> by Dr Howard Brody on the Hooked: Ethics, Medicine and Pharma blog. <br /><br /><br />Roy M. Poses MD in Health Care Renewal  <br /><br />

The Mystery of the Northwestern Settlement - the Plot Thickens

A few weeks ago, we wrote about this curious case. How the Case Stood Northwester University, a prominent research university, settled charg...

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Should We Cry for Non-Profit Hospital System CEOs Paid Less than For-Profit CEOs?

Two recent articles (<a href="http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20130810/MAGAZINE/308109991">here</a> and <a href="http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20130810/MAGAZINE/308109954/pay-for-value">here</a>) in Modern Healthcare providing an update on the compensation of CEOs of non-profit hospital systems raised new questions.<br /><br /><b>The CEOs' Compensation </b><br /><br /><a href="http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20130810/MAGAZINE/308109991">The first article</a> documented the rich compensation of the top paid CEOs of non-profit US hospital systems.  A summary of their total compensation:<br /><br />-  Donald Faulk (now retired), Central Georgia Health System - <b><i>$8 million</i></b> <br />-  George Halvorson, Kaiser Permanente - <b><i>$7.9 million</i></b><br />-  Jeffrey Romoff, UPMC - <b><i>$6.1 million</i></b><br /> -  Pat Fry, Sutter Health - <b><i>$5.2 million</i></b><br />-  Gregory Beier (retired), Novant Health  - <b><i>$5.1 million</i></b><br />-  Dr Steve Safyer, Montefiore Medical Center - <b><i>$5 million</i></b><br />-  David Bernd, Sentara - <b><i>$4.6 million</i></b><br /><br /><b>The Usual Talking Points </b><br /><br />The articles in combination provided the usual talking points as justification for this compensation.   We have noted that nearly every attempt made to defend the outsize compensation given hospital and health system executives involves the same talking points.   We first listed the talking points <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2011/09/talking-points-sans-original-thought-to.html">here</a>, and then provided additional examples of their use <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2011/09/more-repeats-of-talking-points.html">here</a>, <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2012/03/example-of-how-complex-takes-control.html">here</a> <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2012/12/health-care-hired-managers-not-playing.html">here,</a> <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2013/05/executive-compensation-as-legal.html">here</a> and <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2013/06/no-blues-but-lots-of-green-for-st-louis.html">here</a>.   They are:<br />- We have to pay competitive rates<br />- We have to pay enough to retain at least competent executives, given how hard it is to be an executive<br />- Our executives are not merely competitive, but brilliant.<br /><br />So true to form, we found in the Modern Healthcare articles these justifications of the executives multimillion dollar pay.<br /><br /><u>Competition</u><br /><br />In general, <br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">In interviews, health system directors and executives at the systems where these top-paid executives work defended the compensation packages as <i>necessary to remain competitive</i>....</blockquote><br />Re UPMC<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">UPMC spokeswoman Susan Manko described his [that is, Romoff's] pay as <i>competitive</i> for an institution of UPMC's size and complexity.  </blockquote><div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;"><br />Re Novant</div><div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;"><br /></div><div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;"><blockquote class="tr_bq">Novant spokeswoman Kati Everett said Novant follows IRS rules that call for pay to be <i>compared against the market</i>.... </blockquote><div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;"><br />Re Sutter</div><div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;"><br /></div><blockquote class="tr_bq"><div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">[Sutter Health board of trustees member and chair of the compensation committee Andy] Pansini said the Sutter board set the CEO's salary <i>halfway between the lowest and the highest amount he could earn elsewhere.</i></div></blockquote><div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;"></div><div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">Also,</div><div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;"></div><blockquote class="tr_bq"><div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;">He said Sutter's board relies heavily on consultants to <i>compare Fry's compensation against the market</i>. </div></blockquote><div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;"><div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;"></div><div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;"></div><div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;"></div><div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;"></div><div style="background-color: white; border: medium none; color: black; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; text-decoration: none;"><br /></div></div></div><br /><u>Retention</u><br /><br /> Re Sentara<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">'Mr Bernd's compensation takes into account his <i>40-year tenure of leadership</i> at Sentara, with nearly 20 serving as the organization's top executives.</blockquote><br /><u>Brilliance</u><br /><br />Re Novant<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">[Novant spokeswoman Kati Everett said] 'At Novant Health, we recognize (that) our responsibility to serve our community depends on the <i>caliber of talent </i>in our workforce, <i>our leadership group</i>....'</blockquote><br />Re Sentara<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">[CEO Bernd's] 'pay reflects his <i>experience, expertise</i>....'</blockquote><br />Re Sutter<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">[Pansini] defended [CEO] Fry's compensation as reasonable and necessary to meet Sutter's strategic goals by hiring a<i> skilled executive team.</i>  </blockquote><br /><u>Explicit Comparison to For-Profit Corporations </u><br /><br />The articles also introduced one new element.  Some defenders of non-profit hospital CEO compensation explicitly argued that should take into account compensation of for-profit CEOs.<br /><br />This argument was made by "Jill Horwitz, a law professor at the University of California at Los Angeles,' who had "defended paying not-for-profit healthcare executives market rates." <br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">She also noted that not-for-profit systems have to <i>compete with the for-profit sector</i> for top talent. 'This idea that people should be donating their labor is a misunderstanding of charity.'</blockquote><br />Defenders of CEO compensation at specific health systems also made similar points.  For example, a Kaiser Permanente spokesman explicitly compared his CEO's pay to that given to CEOs of for-profit health plans, <br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">Kaiser spokesman Won Ha, in a written statement, said Halvorson's pay <i>falls short of the average compensation of $14 million, not including option exercises, earned by CEOs of the 12 largest for-profit healthcare systems</i>, which had average 2011 revenue of $37 billion. <br /><br />'Compensation paid to senior management is <i>substantially less than that of many for-profit health (plans),</i>...'</blockquote><br />Also, re Sutter,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">[board committee chair Pansini noted that when comparing his CEO's pay against the market] That comparison includes other executives of similar not-for-profit health systems, and to a lesser degree, of <i>for-profit systems</i>.</blockquote><br /> <b>Summary: An Extension, but Still no Clear Justification for the Talking Points</b><br /><br /><br />The talking points to explain executive compensation in health care are used again and again.  They never seem to be publicly challenged.  However, they should raise some obvious questions.<br /><br />The argument about competition raises several obvious questions.  Why should the top hired managers' pay be only compared to other top managers, and not explicitly to other employees?  Even if the comparison is restricted to other top managers, how can they be used for those at the top of the pay scale for non-profit hospital system CEOs?  How these CEOs' compensation could be dubbed merely competitive, much less "halfway between the lowest and highest amount he could earn elsewhere," is not clear.<br /><br />The retention argument begs the questions of whether any of these managers is really likely to leave, whether they really would be attractive to other organizations at the same or even higher pay, and whether it would really be difficult to find replacements.<br /><br />The brilliance argument raises the question of how brilliance is defined.  Given that it is almost unheard of for a fan of current compensation practices to dub any top manager anything less than brilliant, the obvious question is how can CEOs, like the children of Lake Woebegone, all be above average?  <br /><br /> Furthermore, the talking points seem to be in the process of extension, which should raise even more questions.<br /><br />Defenders of CEO pay, usually "spokespeople" or members of boards of trustees, often cite the need for "competitive" pay.  They usually are not clear about with whom they are competing.  Now it seems to be more popular to say that non-profit health care organizations are competing with for-profit corporations, despite the ostensible difference in their natures.  Non-profits are supposed to have a charitable nature and function, to have some sort of mission that serves the greater good.  To support that apparently benevolent purpose, in the US they are exempt from certain taxes, are are able to receive charitable contributions which in turn earn deductions for their givers.  For-profit corporations are in business ostensibly for their owners.  <br /><br /><br />In addition, by now asserting that the non-profit CEOs should be likened to the CEOs of for-profit corporations, the expanded talking points highlight questions that have been raised about how these hired managers are paid. We have previously discussed some pithy critiques of American practices of executive compensation (look <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2013/05/executive-compensation-as-legal.html">here</a> and <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2012/10/more-reasons-to-doubt-how-ceos-are.html">here</a>.) <br /><br />CEO compensation as a multiple of the pay of the average worker has risen 10-fold since the 1960s (see <a href="http://stateofworkingamerica.org/chart/swa-wages-figure-4-ceo-worker-compensation/">this chart</a>). As a consequence, the top 1% and 0.1% of the US income distribution is increasingly and disproportionately made up of executives, that is hired managers, (see the <a href="http://www.epi.org/publication/pay-corporate-executives-financial-professionals/">recent article</a> by Bivens and Mishel[1] for a summary).  Per the article, the income of top corporate executives has grown even faster than that of other members of the top 0.1%.  It seems evident that these rates of growth cannot be explained by increases in the financial performance of their companies.  Furthermore, while it appears that compensation of US health care corporate executives has grown as fast as their brethren, there is no data that US health care has improved at anything like a similar rate.  It may have hardly improved at all.  A recent JAMA article is just the latest example of studies showing that US health is lagging that of other developed countries, although the US spends far more per capita on health care.(2)      <br /><br />Furthermore, there is more and more criticism about how the compensation of top hired managers is set.  Steve Denning's <a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/stevedenning/2012/02/22/hbr-blows-the-lid-off-c-suite-over-compensation/">blog  post</a> in Forbes summarized a 2012 Harvard Business Review article(3) suggesting that "market-based" compensation schemes mistake top managers for innovative entrepreneurs, when they are mainly simply "bureaucrats"; reward managers for luck rather than skill; and is "inversely related to shareholder returns."<br /><br />Finally, Elson and Ferrere <a href="http://www.thefreelibrary.com/What+is+a+CEO+worth%3F+Don%27t+look+to+peers%3A+peer+group+comparisons+skew...-a0272184752">critiqued </a>the mechanics of how compensation is set.  In particular, while boards of directors may attend to data on compensation of CEOs at other, supposedly comparable corporations, they almost always "choose a package that is in the 50th, 75th, or 90th percentile of their target peer group.  Targeting levels below the 50th percentile is rarely, if ever done."  Thus, boards nearly always act as if their CEO is above average, while by definition, most CEOs cannot be above average.  Why do boards commit this folly?  The authors postulated that suggesting the CEO is less than average "may raise concerns over the executive's position within the company...."  Perhaps boards also fear that labeling the CEO below average may be an admission of below average governance. <br /><br />Desai suggested that the perverse incentives created by current schemes to compensate managers were a major cause of the 2008 financial meltdown.  As Dennings wrote,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">despite the constraints to change, the overcompensation of the C-suite and the financial sector is not sustainable. It causes serious misallocation of capital and talent, repeated governance crises, rising income inequality and an overall decline of the US economy. It obviously cannot continue, if only because, as Margaret Thatcher used to say in a different context, 'Sooner or later you run out of other people’s money'</blockquote><br />Clearly, in the health care context, the results could be even worse.  Perverse executive compensation could not only lead to misallocation of capital and talent in health care, it could lead to bad health care decisions that could harm patients' and the public's health.  However, there seems to be almost no discussion of, much less research about, much less policy changes addressing perverse incentives for health care managers and their likely ruinously bad effects on people and patients.<br /><br />Such discussion and research is a prerequisite to true health care reform, which would require such policy changes.<br /><br />Meanwhile, I hope at least the next time huge compensation of some health care managers is announced, someone asks the next set of questions after the usual talking points are made.   <br /><br />Roy M. Poses MD in Health Care Renewal <br /><br /><b>References</b><br />1.  Bivens J, Mishel L. The pay of corporate executives and financial professionals as evidence of rents in top 1 percent incomes.  J Econ Perspect 2013; 27: 57-78.<br />2. US Burden of Disease Collaborative.  The state of US health, 1990-2010 burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors.  JAMA 2013; 310: 591-608.  Link <a href="http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1710486">here</a>. <br />3. Desai M. The incentive bubble.  Harvard Business Review, March 2012.  <br /><br />

Should We Cry for Non-Profit Hospital System CEOs Paid Less than For-Profit CEOs?

Two recent articles ( here and here ) in Modern Healthcare providing an update on the compensation of CEOs of non-profit hospital systems r...

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The Door Revolves Again: the Former White House Health Reform Czar Goes to Private Equity Firm Looking for Investments Created by Health Reform

Round and round it goes, and when it will stop, nobody knows.<br /><br /><b>Background: The Former Health Care Reform Czar's Past Career </b><br /><br />It appears that Ms Nancy DeParle, formerly a White House Deputy Chief of Staff, and before then, from 2009 - 2011, the Director of the White House Office of Health Care Reform, has gone through the revolving door again.<br /><br />We raised concerns about Ms DeParle's strong ties to the commercial side of health care at the time she was put in charge of getting health care reform legislation passed (look <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2009/03/meet-new-boss-same-as-old-boss-health.html">here</a>.)  Specifically, her background for shepherding this legislation included being on the boards of directors of three large health care corporations, Boston Scientific, a medical device company, Cerner, a vendor of health care information technology, and Medco, and pharmacy benefits company.   She had previously been on the boards of DaVita, a commercial kidney dialysis care delivery company, and Triad Hospitals, a for-profit hospital system.  At the time, I wondered whether this set of relationships with multiple  health care corporations would lead to "health care reform" that was more about the interests of big health care corporations and their top executives than about us, the people.<br /><br />As it turned out, there is a case to be made that a lot of the health care reform legislation that eventually passed was in the interests of big corporations.  It enabled for-profit <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/health%20insurance">health care insurance</a> companies to continue to dominate the insurance market, and created no "public option" that could have competed with them.  It fostered the development of "accountable care organizations," (ACOs), and thus fostered a wave of <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/concentration%20of%20power">consolidation </a>in the hospital market favoring ever larger hospital systems, including for-profit ones, and the rise of the <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/corporate%20physician">corporate physician</a>.  It pushed the use of commercial health care information technology without requiring these devices' effects on patients to be rigorously assessed, and with no obvious concerns about the <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/healthcare%20IT%20dangers">risks</a> posed by these systems.  It did nothing to stop concentration of power in health care, nothing to support small private practices, small non-profit hospitals, or non-profit health insurance.  While it required more disclosure of <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/conflicts%20of%20interest">conflicts of interest</a> affecting physicians, it did nothing to reduce them, or to combat <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/deception">deception</a> in health care <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/marketing">marketing</a> and <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/public%20relations">public relations</a>, or to reduce <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/manipulating%20clinical%20research">manipulation</a> or <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/suppression%20of%20medical%20research">suppression</a> of clinical research to serve commercial vested interests, or even to combat blatant <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/health%20care%20corruption">health care corruption</a>. <br /><br /><b>A Brief Stop at a Think Tank</b> <br /><br />At any event, Ms DeParle left the government early this year.  She did not immediately go back to the commercial world, however.  Instead, as <a href="http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/276789-obama-policy-deputy-nancy-ann-deparle-to-exit-for-brookings-post">reported</a> by The Hill, she went to a think tank.<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"><div class="p1">Nancy-Ann DeParle, a White House deputy chief of staff and the president's point person on his signature health care law, is leaving the West Wing to <i>join the Brookings Institution</i>. </div><div class="p1"><br /></div><div class="p2">Brookings president Strobe Talbott announced in a post on Twitter that the longtime Obama staffer would work as a <i>guest scholar</i> for the think tank.</div></blockquote><div class="p2"><br /></div><div class="p2"><b>Through the Revolving Door to Private Equity </b></div><br /><br />That position did not last long, however.  A few days ago, a Wall Street Journal blog <a href="http://blogs.wsj.com/privateequity/2013/08/07/obamas-health-czar-joins-consonance-capital/">announced</a> she was moving again,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">As <i>health care-focused private equity firms</i> navigate the nuances of the Affordable Care Act, one such shop, Consonance Capital, has decided to go straight to the source, hiring Nancy-Ann DeParle, the former director of the White House Office of Health Reform.</blockquote><br />So now she will be with private equity, and in particular, with a private equity firm specializing in, of course, health care:<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">Consonance has been out targeting between $350 million and $450 million for its debut fund.<br /><br />The fundraising effort appears to have gained traction in recent months. LBO Wire reported in February that the firm had raised $30.3 million for Consonance Private Equity PV LP.  According to a person familiar with the fundraising, the vehicle has gathered as much as $200 million so far from investors including Ohio Public Employees Retirement System, Travelers Insurance and LGT Group.<br /><br />The fund is earmarked for <i>buyouts and recapitalizations of health-care providers, payors, pharmaceutical and specialty distributors and device manufacturers</i> with between $20 million and $150 million in annual revenue.</blockquote><br />Finally, it seems Ms DeParle will be suited to this new employment opportunity since she knows so much about how the new supposed health care reform will create investment opportunities,<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq"> Ms. DeParle said the <i>changing regulatory environment will give rise to a host of new investment opportunities.</i> 'There’s a lot that’s changing in health care,' said Ms. DeParle. 'There will be millions of new customers for hospitals and health care providers, much stronger demand for health care services....'</blockquote><br /><b>Summary </b><br /><br />So to recapitulate, Ms DeParle came from roles as a steward of multiple large health care corporations to lead the health care reform efforts of the executive branch.  In that capacity, she helped to create and enact legislation that she would later say created many "new investment opportunities."  Now, as the legislation is going into operation, she has spun over to private equity to take advantage of these opportunities.<br /><br />This seems to be a great example of why the revolving door is bad for government, health care, and the American public.  People in responsible government positions, in which they are supposed to represent all the people, may be constantly thinking about impressing those who might employ them in the private sector when they leave government service.  What better way to impress these potential employers than to take actions which may later improve these companies'  commercial prospects, whatever effect they may have on us, the people?<br /><br />I am no political scientist, but in my humble opinion, there should be multi year cooling off periods before someone who worked in the commercial world can get a job in a government agency whose work has direct effect on his or her previous employer or industry sector, and before someone who worked in a government agency whose work had direct effect on a particular economic sector can accept a job for a company in that sector.  Now that would be a real reform. 

The Door Revolves Again: the Former White House Health Reform Czar Goes to Private Equity Firm Looking for Investments Created by Health Reform

Round and round it goes, and when it will stop, nobody knows. Background: The Former Health Care Reform Czar's Past Career It appears th...

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