healthy4u

Pfizer's $2,300,000,000 Settlement No Longer Anechoic

Re the $2.3 billion dollar Pfizer settlement, in the headlines today... <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/">Health Care Renewal </a>readers learned about it in February, <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2009/02/pfizer-settles-for-mere-2300000000.html">here</a>. At the time, we mentioned how little coverage the news had received, a manifestation of the <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2007/08/bling-bling-poltical-correctness-and.html">anechoic effect</a>. We said this about it then: <blockquote> We have posted about numerous settlements of charges of misbehavior by drug, device, insurance and other health care organizations. Stacking them all up suggests the magnitude of bad behavior by the leaders of health care organizations. Yet it's not clear that all these monetary penalties are discouraging bad behavior. In almost all cases, the monetary penalties accrue to the organization as a whole, not to the individuals whose behavior incited the settlement. And I have not so far ever heard of a case in which the organization which has to pay a settlement turns around and enforces a penalty upon the responsible leaders. Thus, the deterrent effect, even of large penalties, is thus diffuse. An executive, knowing that bad behavior may increase short term profits, and hence may markedly increase his or her compensation in the short run, may be undeterred by the threat of a future settlement that he or she does not have to pay. Instead, the settlement may come out of the pockets of stock-holders, employees as a whole, customers, clients, or patients, or the public. If we want to prevent health care leaders from continuing "childish" behaviors, allowing health care to "spin out of control," (as per President Obama' inaugural address, see post <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2009/01/inaugural-moment-to-improve-health-care.html">here</a>), we must do a better job of enforcing negative consequences, as the mother of any five-year old will tell us. </blockquote> Rest assured we will have more to say about this topic, now that it is in the headlines.

Pfizer's $2,300,000,000 Settlement No Longer Anechoic

Re the $2.3 billion dollar Pfizer settlement, in the headlines today... Health Care Renewal readers learned about it in February, here . At ...

Đọc thêm »

Happy 10th birthday, Blogger

Much has changed since Blogger was released in August of 1999. Writing about Blogger's founding in his book <a style="font-style: italic;" href="http://www.sayeverything.com/">Say Everything</a>, Scott Rosenberg describes the effect of Blogger simply: "It cleared the obstacles from the path between brain and Web page." As the phenomenon of blogging has grown and evolved over the past ten years, so too has Blogger, adapting to a world of fast-paced communication and allowing millions to tell their stories. When Google acquired Blogger in February of 2003, about 250,000 people visited Blogger per month. Today, that number is more than 300 million. In our <a href="http://www.econtentmag.com/Articles/News/News-Item/Google-Buys-Pyra-Labs-and-Blogger.com--4069.htm">announcement</a> about the Blogger acquisition, we said (somewhat ironically, not in a blog post — the Official Google Blog was still more than <a href="http://www.google.com/tenthbirthday/#2004-official-google-blog">a year away</a>): "Blogs are a global self-publishing phenomenon that connect Internet users with dynamic, diverse points of view while also enabling comment and participation." We're proud that Blogger <a href="http://googlepublicpolicy.blogspot.com/2009/08/giving-voice-to-digital-refugees.html">continues to be a force for free expression worldwide</a> and that it is growing quickly despite its maturity. In the past two years alone, the number of people contributing to a blog has more than doubled, and every second of every day, a new blog is created on Blogger. To commemorate Blogger's 10th birthday, we've been releasing <a href="http://buzz.blogger.com/2009/08/blogger-is-turning-10.html">birthday presents</a> as our way of saying thanks to the millions of users who have made Blogger what it is today. So far, we have released 5 presents and today we're announcing 2 more, courtesy of two Blogger partners: <ul><li><a href="http://buzz.blogger.com/2009/09/earn-charity-donations-on-blogger-with.html">Socialvibe</a>: When Socialvibe approached us about finding a way to empower the Blogger community to help raise funds for charities, we couldn't pass up the opportunity to leverage Blogger's reach to do some good. Starting this week, Blogger users can show their support for charities and raise funds by adding a gadget to their blog. The Socialvibe team has challenged us to raise $50,000 for charity by the end of the year, and we're pretty confident we can beat that.</li><li><a href="http://buzz.blogger.com/2009/09/theres-app-for-that.html">InfoThinker</a>: If you have an iPhone or iPod Touch and a Blogger blog, you're in luck. The team at <a href="http://www.infothinker.com/">InfoThinker</a> (makers of the iPhone app BlogPress) was eager to help celebrate Blogger's birthday. Earlier this week they submitted a free version of BlogPress that works only on Blogger to the iPhone App Store. Blogging on the go has never been so easy! Keep an eye out for the app. </li></ul>Here is the <a href="http://buzz.blogger.com/search/label/10th%20Birthday">full list of presents</a>. We have more in store over the next couple weeks, and we're just as excited about a number of developments planned for later in the year. With thanks to Blogger founders <a href="http://www.megnut.com/">Meg</a>, <a href="http://www.onfocus.com/">Paul</a> and <a href="http://www.evhead.com/">Ev</a> without whom we wouldn't have a 10th birthday to celebrate, and to the millions of people around the world who rely on Blogger to tell their story every day, here's to our next decade. Posted by Rick Klau, Product Manager

Happy 10th birthday, Blogger

Much has changed since Blogger was released in August of 1999. Writing about Blogger's founding in his book Say Everything , Scott Rosen...

Đọc thêm »

A New Perspective on Evaluating the Effects of Financial Conflicts of Interest on Research

I just <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2009/09/fighting-corruption-in-health-care.html">posted</a> about an article from the August issue of the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health (link <a href="http://jech.bmj.com/content/vol63/issue8/">here</a>, requires subscription.) Health Care Renewal readers may want to peruse this issue, which has some very interesting articles on conflicts of interest and related issues in research. In particular, an article by Prof Sander Greenland offers a fresh discussion based on perspectives from epidemiology, statistics, and cognitive psychology of the effects of financial conflicts of interest (COI) on (clinical, epidemiological, and health services) research (Greenland S. Accounting for uncertainty about investigator bias: disclosure is informative. J Epidemiol Community Health 2009; 63: 593-598. Link <a href="http://jech.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/63/8/593">here</a>, requires subscription.) Since only subscribers can easily get this article, and because of its importance, let me summarize its main points and provide appropriate quotations. Financial COI as Causing One Type of Investigator Bias Greenland views financial conflicts of interest as a source of one kind of investigator bias, defined as "the biasing of study results towards results expected or desired a priori by the investigators." He believes that this is a particularly important kind of bias, "the pool of reported study results may be affected seriously by prejudices and vested interests of investigators and sponsors. Such incidents suggest that investigator bias can be larger than any other bias, and may often encourage adoption of dubious or even deadly treatments." Focus on Effects of the Bias, Rather than Intent Greenland posited that the issue here is not intent, <blockquote> Investigator bias may be intentional or subconscious, may be of venal or noble origin, and may manifest in outright fraud or in subtle fallacies held true by the investigator. It may reflect no more than the influence of sincere wishes or beliefs of the investigator or their research community on the way findings are interpreted, or it may represent premeditated attempts to mislead. </blockquote> The danger is that raising the issue of intent may lead to emotional arguments rather than sober thinking about what effect conflicts of interest should have on interpreting study results, <blockquote> here we encounter an emotional minefield of indignation driven by fears of prejudice in and abuse of such priors [that is, beliefs about the effects of investigator bias due to conflicts of interest.] Similar objections meet proposals to down-weight studies that produce results favourable to sponsors or other parties with financial ties to the investigators. </blockquote> Rather, the issue is that conflicts of interest may indicate a high risk that a study is biased, and obviously, biased in a certain direction, "we expect investigator bias, if present, to fall in the direction favouring their or their sponsor’s financial interest." An Approach to Evaluating the Effects of Investigator Bias due to Financial COIs Greenland pointed out that it may be difficult to account for the effects of investigator bias due to COIs by just being careful in the evaluation of the report of a given research study, "incomplete documentation of ad hoc design and analysis decisions makes investigator bias especially difficult to detect and deal with." Furthermore, "one cannot detect unreported biasing judgements without having the data and the time to reanalyse it." Thus, the challenge is to get accurate information about COIs, and then use it to accurately evaluate a particular study. The realities of life in the often conflicted world of medical academia means that conflicts of interest may generate a large amount of bias. Greenland suggested that this <blockquote> reflects a harsh reality. In research funded or conducted by parties with a direct financial stake in the results, there may be an implicit threat of funding withdrawal (or worse) if results presented do not favour the sponsor’s interest or conform to their perceived needs for marketing and litigation. </blockquote> Furthermore, he noted, <blockquote> Sponsored investigators have been sued by their corporate sponsors in efforts to block publication of undesirable results. Investigators with no corporate ties have faced interference from corporations upset with their findings. Not all investigators choose to fight such pressure, which leaves them the option to either not publish unfavourable results or else not produce such results. Some go so far as to guarantee their sponsor that the results of their proposed study will be helpful.10 Meanwhile, unfavourable results from research conducted within a company may languish as in-house memos that can be obtained only via litigation, and then only if the court orders their release. </blockquote> However, information provided about COIs may not be complete or accurate. <blockquote> Once we accept the reality that disclosure data contain relevant statistical information, we can turn to the quality of information ascertainable from available reports. There are reports of investigators disclosing only a small fraction of their financial support from industry, even when required to give a full account by university and granting-agency rules. There is little reason to expect more thorough disclosure in journal articles. Full disclosure is often evaded via technicalities, such as payment of non-descript consulting fees that are not explicitly earmarked for the article and thus not deemed reportable, even when they may be for time spent on the database from which the article is generated. If reported at all, such funds may be described only by phrasing such as 'author X has served as a consultant (or expert) for company Y', not that the payments for such services were made with the understanding that they would support time spent on the study being reported. The frequency of under-reporting and deceptive reporting is far from known. Most incidents come to light only when investigation or litigation occurs, and those discoveries are not always reported in public venues. Other devices for undermining disclosure requirements include funds channelled through innocuously titled foundations or institutes set up specifically to conceal the ultimate funding source. Detecting such events and devices may demand investigative effort beyond the resources of almost all readers. </blockquote> However, while there may be considerable false negative information about COIs, false positive are unlikely, "In contrast, it is hard to imagine that many articles report funding from a financial stakeholder when in fact there was none, so that misreporting may be limited to under-reporting." Conclusions and Future Directions Greenland concluded that investigator bias is very important. <blockquote> Investigator bias has the potential to overwhelm all other biases. It can become the dominant force in contexts (such as expert reports and testimony for litigation) in which the restraints imposed by editors and peer review are absent. Thus, because of its importance, investigator bias should not be dismissed as unapproachable, any more than we should give up research on what seem to be hopelessly mysterious diseases. </blockquote> He reminded us that not all investigator bias is due to financial COIs, although that should not be used to deny the importance of bias due to financial COIs, <blockquote> Although I have focused on distortion from financial input, I have no doubt that ideological commitment can be just as distortive. Indeed, dealing with ideological and other psychological sources of bias (such as commitment to earlier methods and conclusions) deserves to be on the research agenda for bias analysis. </blockquote> He suggested some directions for the future, <blockquote> In approaching these problems scientifically, I suspect aid will be needed from those branches of psychology that deal with distorted thinking among normal individuals and groups. Openness of journals to unpopular research and strenuous debate remains the primary line of defence against information abuse and distortion. Such openness is not universal, and thus it seems likely that proposals to deal with investigator bias will raise a hornet’s nest of objections and questions. Perhaps the essential first step (if not major hurdle) is getting used to the idea that there may be good arguments for including the possibility of investigator bias in an uncertainty assessment. The demand for thorough financial disclosure may then seem no different from demanding hard ('objective') details of design and analysis to aid assessments. Like other psychological constructs, ideological biases will be far more difficult to evaluate but may nonetheless have hard correlates that signal their presence if not magnitude, such as attempts to suppress or boycott opposing views. </blockquote> I highly recommend that those with access to this journal read Prof Greenland's article in full, and see the other related articles in this issue. In particular, Prof Greenland's article, and the article from the German chapter of Transparency International provide some clear thinking as a counter to the illogic that is now appearing as the backlash by the conflicted against the "pharmascolds" intensifies.

A New Perspective on Evaluating the Effects of Financial Conflicts of Interest on Research

I just posted about an article from the August issue of the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health (link here , requires subscription...

Đọc thêm »

Fighting Corruption in Health Care - Suggestions from Transparency International

The August issue of the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health featured a number of articles on conflicts of interest (COI) and medical and public health education and research. One notable contribution included authors from the German chapter of <a href="http://www.transparency.org/">Transparency International </a>(Spelsberg A, Martiny A, Schoenhoefer PS. Is disclosure of potential conflicts of interest in medicine and public health sufficient to increase transparency and decrease corruption. J Epidemiol Community Health 2009; 63: 603-605. Link <a href="http://jech.bmj.com/cgi/content/extract/63/8/603">here</a>, requires subscription.) Transparency International is a major international NGO respected for its stand against corruption, and for transparency and integrity. The article's major premises deserve quotation: <blockquote>When Transparency International was founded in 1993, the focus for fighting corruption was mainly on bribes and corruption of civil servants in developing countries. While our definition of corruption was broad from the beginning, that is abuse of power or of a powerful position for personal advantage or benefit, the concept of preventing corruption had to be adjusted more recently. conflicts between private and professionally consigned interests—be it in public office or in the private sector—create susceptibility to corruption.... Conflicts of interests are now considered as a major gateway for corruption in medicine and public health.They predominantly affect the way that doctors evaluate and use the products of the pharmaceutical and medical device industry by a systematic and ubiquitous exposure during professional life, starting at medical school. Independent clinical research which can produce reliable results on new drugs or new medical technology has almost vanished and has been progressively replaced by industry-sponsored studies which are dominated by marketing interest of the manufacturers, including misleading selection or extensive falsification of data and results. Consequently, evidence-based guidelines or practice guidance often can no longer be assumed to be unbiased and free of conflicts of interests. Meta-analyses are at risk of being seriously distorted, even after adjusting for publication bias, due to inaccessible, unpublished data on clinical trials or inappropriate, for example non-reproducible, inclusion of such data.... Nowadays, medical expert committees are obliged to disclose conflicts of interests. Nevertheless, rarely is any action taken to control or to exclude advisers or experts with conflicts of interest since the extensive ties to industry of panel members have become the norm. It is therefore illusory to expect that disclosure alone without sanctions will be sufficient to increase transparency and decrease corruption in medicine and public health. Even if adequate sanctions follow, individual professional behaviour may not suffice for reversing the detrimental dependency of the medical and scientific community on industry. By the same token, corporate responsibility endeavours of drug and medical device companies should not remain voluntary efforts without tangible sanctions. </blockquote>Let me quote below their major recommendations, edited just a bit: <blockquote> Individual level Professional codes of conduct for physicians and other health professionals, individual drug and medical device companies, health maintenance organisations, sickness funds, research organisations, etc. The common denominator of such codices consists of the ban of offering/accepting any personal gifts, including food and travel. Organisational level within the medical system Codes of conduct for academic medical centres, medical associations, patient and consumer organisations, organisations of healthcare professionals and producers of pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Each institution or organisation in healthcare as well as each professional in these institutions or organisations should be obliged to make any payments, honoraria or other benefits by pharmaceutical or medical device companies transparent. Public registry of all clinical trials and other research activities involving patients, including post-marketing and pharmacovigilance studies. Publication of all relevant outcomes and results including null results, adverse effects and stopping rules, administrated and monitored by an independent institution such as the National Institutes of Health. Full disclosure of funding agencies, companies and responsible data centres. Education of healthcare professionals including continuous medical education must be disentangled from commercial interests. The healthcare professional organisations should integrate graduate and continuing medical education in their codes of conduct. Political level Drug and medical device approval legislation: necessary prerequisites for starting drug approval process should include a complete and consistent disclosure (including amount) of beneficiaries of involved institutions, experts and organisations. Implementing an expert anti-corruption agency for health at the national level authorised to take legal action. This includes activities in prosecuting conflicts of interest among health professionals and their institution, since such conflicts often result in rising healthcare expenditures without benefit for the public. Society level Monitoring of influence of commercial interests on public health and outcomes of medical interventions: annual reports to the public on health indicators and international comparisons including healthcare expenditures, estimated losses due to corruption and fraud in healthcare and recaptured resources by anti-fraud and anti-corruption measures. </blockquote> Health Care Renewal readers may find it a useful exercise to compare these recommendations with their local situation. As far as I can tell, here in the US, almost none of these recommendations now obtain. Going through the list: Individual level - In the US, codes of conduct promulgated by most medical societies do not completely ban accepting gifts. Not all drug and device companies, health maintenance organizations, insurance companies (the equivalent of sickness funds here), and research organizations have visible codes of conduct, and those that exist do not completely ban accepting or giving gifts. Organizational level - Not all academic medical centers, medical associations, patient and consumer organizations, organizations of health care professionals, and drug and device companies have visible codes of conduct, and those that exist hardly make all payments, honoraria and other benefits completely transparent. - There is a clinical trials registry. I am not sure if it includes post-marketing and pharmacovigilance trials (readers may be able to help me here). I do not know of any independent institution that monitors in detail the publication of all study results. - US education, including continuing education of health care professionals is considerably entangled with commercial interests. Codes of conduct relevant to the relationships among industry and education are weak. Political level - Drug and device regulation does not require complete and consistent disclosure of payments to medical schools, medical centers, and other research organizations which implement relevant research. - There is nothing resembling an expert anti-corruption agency for health at a national level. Nor do such agencies exist at the US state level. Society level - There is no systematic ongoing monitoring of commercial influence on public health and outcomes of medical intervention. There are no national reports that cover fraud and corruption and health care. So as best as I can tell, here in the US, we currently are following almost none of these recommendations. Maybe in other countries things are a little better. It would be interesting to hear from readers around the globe about this. As I have repeated again and again, I believe true US health care reform requires improved transparency, and mechanisms to improve integrity and ethics like those suggested by these Transparency International authors.

Fighting Corruption in Health Care - Suggestions from Transparency International

The August issue of the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health featured a number of articles on conflicts of interest (COI) and medica...

Đọc thêm »

A CEO Begs the Questions About Paying Physician "Consultants"

We previously <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2009/07/polly-want-million-plus.html">posted</a> about financial ties between Professor David Polly at the University of Minnesota and medical device maker Medtronic. The main issues we discussed were 1) that when the good doctor spoke to a US congressional committee in support of research that might reflect favorably on one of Medtronic's products, he did not reveal that he was paid by Medtronic for "lobbying related costs (according to the Wall Street Journal); and 2) that many of the specific activities for which Dr Polly was paid by the company seemed related to marketing or lobbying, not science or education. Now the Pioneer Press (Minneapolis - St Paul, MN) and other papers have <a href="http://www.twincities.com/business/ci_13219619?nclick_check=1">reported</a> that the payments to Dr Polly have interested not only US Senator Charles Grassley, but at least one active Medtronic shareholder: <blockquote> Medtronic Chief Executive Bill Hawkins on Thursday defended payments by the Fridley-based manufacturer to doctors who serve as company consultants. Hawkins told a crowd of about 300 people at the company's annual meeting that such paid relationships are key to the development and improvement of new medical devices. In his comments Thursday, Hawkins did not specifically mention Polly but noted, 'there is today an active Congressional and media debate about how health care companies work with the clinical community.' 'We must continue our strong support for the physicians and surgeons who provide us with their innovation, passion and unique insights into patient solutions,' Hawkins said at the company's headquarters. During a question-and-answer period, shareholder John Burbidge, 77, of Edina, said that while he understood the need for input from physician consultants, he was 'taken aback' by the sums of money involved. 'Is it really necessary to pay that kind of money to doctors in order to get good information?' he asked. 'Can you rely on information that you pay that much money for?' added Burbidge, who said he is a longtime Medtronic shareholder. 'Obviously, nobody is going to want to tell you anything you don't want to hear and jeopardize his relationship with the company.' Hawkins said some doctors collect large sums by virtue of royalty arrangements for their role in developing patented technology. Others doctors collect fees for providing consultant services. Those service arrangements are important, Hawkins said, because physicians help the company design clinical studies of Medtronic products in development and then teach other doctors how to use the devices once regulators clear them for sale. Hawkins added: 'Occasionally, we will have physicians come in and work with us and be a part of a team to think about new ideas and new innovations.' </blockquote> Notice first that the Medtronic CEO never seemed address the reasons the company paid Dr Polly. His comments about payments to physicians were entirely generic. Even those generic comments begged more questions than they answered. In particular, - "large sums by virtue of royalty arrangements" - In regard to Dr Polly, I do not believe he ever claimed to be paid royalties. The question begged is why specific patents might merit huge sums paid to their holders? - "physicians help the company design clinical studies" - But most large device, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical companies now employ full-time physicians, statisticians, and biomedical scientists to design studies. Why would they frequently need to hire part-time physician consultants as well? Furthermore, such companies customarily give grants to medical schools, universities, and hospitals to implement clinical studies. In such grants, the investigators are already paid from the grant through the university. So why would companies need to pay other physicians as part-time consultants to design or implement studies? - "teach other doctors how to use the device" - Again, why not use physicians who are full-time employees of the company to do this? Finally, Mr Hawkins did not address why it was necessary to pay Dr Polly to "recruit patients for publicity efforts; attend Medtronic national sales meetings;" for " two phone calls with Medtronic CEO William Hawkins as well as charging the company $2,000 when Mr. Hawkins visited an operating room'" and finally "to lobby congress." (Quotes again from the Wall Street Journal.) None of this seems to have anything to do with designing clinical studies or teaching doctors how to use devices. So it seems that Mr Burbidge's concerns were never addressed, and that there were more questions he ought to have been able to ask. I think it is telling that Mr Burbidge's concerns only generated vague dismissals from Mr Hawkins. In theory, Mr Hawkins is a company employee who works for stockholders such as Mr Burbidge. (for which Mr Hawkins' total compensation was $ 7,512,626 in 2008, per the company's <a href="http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/MDT/711022803x0xS950123-09-22981/64670/filing.pdf">2009 proxy statement</a>.) But in the US, public corporations have evolved - perhaps devolved would be a better term - to the point that hired executives really do not seem to answer to those who supposedly are the company owners and their employers. As we noted earlier, large public health care corporations are now often run by leaders with no apparent training or personal experience in health care. (As we <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2009/08/health-care-leaders-dont-know-much.html">posted</a> earlier, Mr Hawkins does have a bachelors degree partly in biomedical engineering earned in 1976, and did some form of psychology research at that time, but his public biography indicated no further biomedical science or health care experience since 1976.) Freeing such leaders from more than nominal accountability to those who supposedly own the corporations may open the door to mismanagement, personal enrichment by hired executives, and then over-priced drugs and devices whose benefits may be exaggerated and harms hidden, resulting in high costs, poor access, and threatened quality. To achieve true health care reform, we need to at least make transparent, if not limit or ban health care corporate payments that let medical academics use the prestige of their positions to market drugs and devices. To achieve true health care reform, we need to make sure that leaders of health care organizations have knowledge of, contextual experience in, and sympathy for the values of health care. Maybe leaders with such qualifications would understand how such payments to academics undermines research and teaching, and leads to high costs, poor access, and bad quality. See also comments by Prof Margaret Soltan <a href="http://www.margaretsoltan.com/?p=16853">in the University Dairies blog</a>, and by Dr Daniel Carlat <a href="http://carlatpsychiatry.blogspot.com/2009/08/thoughts-on-orthogate.html">in the Carlat Psychiatry Blog</a>.

A CEO Begs the Questions About Paying Physician "Consultants"

We previously posted about financial ties between Professor David Polly at the University of Minnesota and medical device maker Medtronic. ...

Đọc thêm »

Google Translate now speaks 51 languages

We spend a lot of time thinking about how information travels around the globe. After all, there are Googlers living and working in <a href="http://www.google.com/corporate/address.html">dozens of countries</a> — and we're pretty sure our products are used in many more. So we're familiar with the need to translate information across borders, and we've been working hard to build the technology to enable you to do just that. Today, we're excited to announce that we've added nine new languages to <a href="http://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>: <a href="http://translate.google.com/?sl=en&tl=af">Afrikaans</a>, <a href="http://translate.google.com/?sl=en&tl=be">Belarusian</a>, <a href="http://translate.google.com/?sl=en&tl=is">Icelandic</a>, <a href="http://translate.google.com/?sl=en&tl=ga">Irish</a>, <a href="http://translate.google.com/?sl=en&tl=mk">Macedonian</a>, <a href="http://translate.google.com/?sl=en&tl=ms">Malay</a>, <a href="http://translate.google.com/?sl=en&tl=sw">Swahili</a>, <a href="http://translate.google.com/?sl=en&tl=cy">Welsh</a> and <a href="http://translate.google.com/?sl=en&tl=yi">Yiddish</a>. That means that Google Translate now supports 51 languages and 2550 language pairs — including all <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/education/languages/languages-of-europe/doc135_en.htm">23 official EU languages</a>. The translation quality of these newest languages is still a little rough, but it will improve over time — and we're continuously working to improve quality for all languages supported by Google Translate. We're also working to integrate Google Translate into some of our other products; you can already translate <a href="http://gmailblog.blogspot.com/2009/05/new-in-labs-automatic-message.html">emails</a> within Gmail, <a href="http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/06/toolbar-now-with-advanced-translation.html">webpages</a> using Google Toolbar, <a href="http://googlereader.blogspot.com/2008/11/is-your-web-truly-world-wide.html">RSS feeds</a> in Google Reader and most recently, <a href="http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/08/translate-documents-sharing-across.html">documents</a> within Google Docs. For more information about Google Translate and these latest additions, check out our post on the <a href="http://googleresearch.blogspot.com/2009/08/51-languages-in-google-translate.html">Research Blog</a>. Posted by Jeff Chin, Product Manager

Google Translate now speaks 51 languages

We spend a lot of time thinking about how information travels around the globe. After all, there are Googlers living and working in dozens o...

Đọc thêm »

E-Health Hazards: Provider Liability and Electronic Health Record Systems

Sharona Hoffman, Professor of Law and Bioethics and Co-Director of the Law-Medicine Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, and Andy Podgurski, Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Case Western, had written an important article on HIT that I highlighted in my March 2009 post "<a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2009/03/lets-deregulate-pharma-information.html">Let's Deregulate Pharmaceutical Information Technology</a>." In that article, entitled "<a href="http://www.ischool.drexel.edu/faculty/ssilverstein/regulation_and_oversight_hoffman.pdf">Finding a Cure: The Case for Regulation And Oversight of Electronic Health Records Systems"</a>, Harvard Journal of Law & Technology 2008 vol. 22, No. 1, they called for premarketing and postmarketing surveillance of healthcare IT, adverse events reporting, and tight regulation as in the medical device and pharmaceutical industries. They summarized and amplified their views in the short piece "<a href="http://www.thehastingscenter.org/Bioethicsforum/Post.aspx?id=3284#">Why Electronic Health Record Systems Require Safety Regulation</a>", Bioethics Forum, March 20, 2009. In a remarkable new followup article entitled "E-Health Hazards: Provider Liability and Electronic Health Record Systems" <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://works.bepress.com/sharona_hoffman/7/">available here</a>, they expand their case in a highly organized and extremely well documented piece. The abstract is as follows: <blockquote style="font-family:arial;">In the foreseeable future, electronic health record (EHR) systems are likely to become a fixture in medical settings. The potential benefits of computerization could be substantial, but EHR systems also give rise to new liability risks for health care providers that have received little attention in the legal literature. This Article features a first of its kind, comprehensive analysis of the liability risks associated with use of this complex and important technology. In addition, it develops recommendations to address these liability concerns. Appropriate measures include federal regulations designed to ensure the quality and safety of EHR systems along with agency guidance and well crafted clinical practice guidelines for EHR system users. In formulating its recommendations, the Article proposes a novel, uniform process for developing authoritative clinical practice guidelines and explores how EHR technology itself can enable experts to gather evidence of best practices. The authors argue that without thoughtful interventions and sound guidance from government and medical organizations, this promising technology may encumber rather than support clinicians and may hinder rather than promote health outcome improvements. </blockquote> They point out that: <blockquote style="font-family:arial;">EHR systems can facilitate access to patients’ medical records, improve the quality of care and the accuracy of treatment decisions, achieve cost savings, and promote clinical research. Without discounting any of these potential benefits, this article focuses on the risks of EHR systems and on liability concerns associated with their use ... The liability risks of EHR systems have received little attention in the legal literature. This new technology may bring with it novel responsibilities, burdens, and complexities for medical practices at the same time that it can potentially enhance health outcomes. </blockquote> The liability risks are not just to hospitals, but to EHR users of all stripes. They find current efforts at HIT "certification" severely lacking in usefulness, and strongly support federal regulation of health IT due to the risks and dangers involved. The authors are opposed to vendor "hold harmless" and "defects nondisclosure" clauses, and have included in their article many well thought out solutions to the double-edged sword that HIT represents. In summary, though, they believe that: <blockquote style="font-family:arial;">EHR systems cannot remain unregulated and largely unscrutinized. It is only with appropriate interventions that they will become a much-hoped for blessing rather than a curse for health care professionals and patients.<o:p></o:p> </blockquote> Download the article <a href="http://works.bepress.com/context/sharona_hoffman/article/1006/type/native/viewcontent">at this link</a>. Read the whole thing. I am in strong agreement with their positions. The unregulated free-for-all that has been the health IT marketplace, with dangerous and even <a href="http://www.ischool.drexel.edu/faculty/ssilverstein/failurecases/?loc=cases&sloc=clinical%20computing%20problems%20in%20ICU">outrageous practices</a> I noted starting a decade ago, must come to an end as the market matures and as diffusion of this technology massively increases per the government mandates now in effect. The rationalizations for problems, the excuses for defects and the starry eyed utopian exuberance about this technology (not to mention the conflict-of-interest and/or <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/15/AR2009051503667.html?hpid=topnews">HIT lobby</a>-driven irrational exuberance) must come to an end. -- SS

E-Health Hazards: Provider Liability and Electronic Health Record Systems

Sharona Hoffman, Professor of Law and Bioethics and Co-Director of the Law-Medicine Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Law, a...

Đọc thêm »