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Stroud v. Abington Memorial Hospital: Is This Why Chart Alteration Might Be Appealing?

As I described in several recent posts on malpractice cases at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) including: <blockquote> "UPMC and the Sweet death that wasn't very sweet: How EMRs can detract from a clear narrative, and facilitate spoliation and obfuscation of evidence" <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2011/09/sweet-death-that-wasnt-very-sweet-how_24.html">(link)</a>, </blockquote>and <blockquote>"Propofol and Other Drug Questions: Was Michael Jackson a UPMC Patient at the Same Time as Samuel Sweet?" (<a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2011/09/was-michael-jackson-upmc-patient-at.html">link</a>), </blockquote>... electronic medical records may offer certain advantages to someone who is going to try to alter medical records. No whiteout needed, no physical erasures, a difficult to interpret and/or made-hard-to-get audit trail, etc. Why, one might ask, would a hospital and/or its clinicians attempt such a maneuver, knowing the penalties are likely to be severe? Because the penalties might not be so severe after all. While I am not an attorney, this case I came across seems to be readable by those who understand plain English: ROBERT STROUD, INDIVIDUALLY AND AS ADMINISTRATOR OF THE ESTATE OF JAMES H. STROUD, DECEASED, PLAINTIFF, v. ABINGTON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, ET AL., DEFENDANTS (<a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://pa.findacase.com/research/wfrmDocViewer.aspx/xq/fac.20080417_0000511.EPA.htm/qx#D*fn2">link to memorandum opinion</a>). Here is a summary of what allegedly happened that led to the suit: <blockquote>IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA ... 1. FACTUAL BACKGROUNDJames Stroud was admitted to Hospital for a total right knee replacement on October 25, 2004. (Doc. 45 at 11, ¶ 46.) Following surgery, he remained at Hospital under the medical care of various of the defendants and others. (Id. at 11-14, ¶¶ 47-68.) Plaintiff alleges that during that time, James Stroud complained of nausea and failed to have a bowel movement. (See, e.g., id. at 11, ¶¶ 50, 52.) Plaintiff further alleges that, while various of the defendants and others examined and treated James Stroud, they failed to adequately diagnose and treat his emergent medical condition, later found to be a bowel obstruction or ileus. (Id. at 11-14, ¶¶ 51-68.) Plaintiff specifically contends that Dr. Paul Crispen, a urology resident under the supervision of urologist Dr. Charles ordered an abdominal/pelvic CT scan to be performed on James Stroud on October 28, 2004 to investigate the cause of his lack of bowel movement. (Id. at 12, ¶ 58-59.) Robert Stroud avers that the CT scan revealed "marked dilation of the small and large bowel, representing either an obstruction or adynamic ileus," but that no action was taken in response to this finding of a potentially serious medical condition. (Id. at 14, ¶ 68-69.) Plaintiff attributes this inaction, at least in part, to the failure by the various treating medical professionals to communicate adequately concerning James Stroud's care and the failure by Hospital to have in place and enforce proper policies and procedures for interdepartmental communication. (See, e.g., id. at 19-21, ¶ 105(n), (q), (r), (aa)-(cc).) That same day that the scan was performed, October 28, 2004, James Stroud was discharged from Hospital to a rehabilitation center. (Id. at 14, ¶ 70.) The following day, October 29, 2004, he complained of abdominal pain and began vomiting. (Id. at 15, ¶ 73.) He was taken to Hospital's emergency room early that afternoon and was subsequently readmitted. (Id. at 15-16, ¶¶ 74-80.) He was examined and additional diagnostic testing, including an abdominal x-ray series, was ordered, completed, and interpreted later that evening. (Id. at 16-17, ¶¶ 81-95.) By about 11:20 p.m. he began vomiting, became unresponsive, and was unable to be revived. (Id. at 17, ¶¶ 96-98.) He was pronounced dead at 12:08 a.m. on October 30, 2004. (Id. at 17, ¶ 98.)</blockquote> There were allegations of record concealment and withholding and in finding this, the plaintiffs sought additional punitive damages. The court nonetheless decided (emphases mine): ... Plaintiff's request for punitive damages is premised on two interrelated theories: (1) that the defendants knew that James Stroud was suffering from a life threatening condition, yet failed to take any action in response to that knowledge (Doc. 45 at 59-61, ¶¶ 210-215, 222); and (2) that after the demise of James Stroud, the defendants took actions to cover up their prior negligence, including the deliberate concealment and withholding of relevant medical records (id. at 60-61, ¶¶ 216-221). Plaintiff's underlying substantive claims are, as we know, for negligence, survival, and wrongful death based on the defendants' allegedly negligent care for James Stroud. Plaintiff alleges no underlying claim concerning the defendants' alleged concealment of prior negligence. This case is thus closely analogous to the case decided by the Pennsylvania Superior Court in Gallagher [v. Temple University Hospital - ed.], which also concerned a medical malpractice action against a hospital. In Gallagher, the Superior Court held: [Appellants] asserted an independent claim for punitive damages premised upon the allegedly outrageous conduct of altering and withholding the medical records in an attempt to stymie Mr. Gallagher's guardians from successfully obtaining redress for his Injury by tampering with the discovery of the facts necessary for prosecution of his medical malpractice lawsuit. While this conduct is relevant to show after the fact awareness of negligence on the hospital's part, it does not, however, relate to the conduct alleged to have been negligent, which actually caused the injury. While the conduct surrounding the alleged withholding of certain records and the whiting out of portions of other records, if true, is undoubtedly reprehensible, none of these facts, however, relate to the malpractice being litigated. Nor do these facts assert a separate cause of action sounding in tort. 2005 WL 2649868 at *3. The Third Circuit has similarly held that a defendant's falsification of relevant records and lying at a deposition to conceal his wrongdoing, while reprehensible, is insufficient to establish the culpable mental state of recklessness necessary to impose punitive damages because it does not support the conclusion that the defendant consciously appreciated the risk of the harm he caused. See Burke, 904 F.2d at 183. In so finding, the court reasoned "that punitive damages are intended to deter risky behavior that causes harm; they are not a sanction for obstruction of justice." Id. (citation omitted). In the Stroud case the court decided and ordered that: <blockquote>... (3) Moving Defendants' [i.e., hospital and doctors - ed.] motion to dismiss Plaintiff's claim for punitive damages premised on the theory that Moving Defendants "covered up" their prior negligence is GRANTED and Plaintiff's punitive damages claim on this legal theory is DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE. [That is, it cannot be raised again - ed.] </blockquote> One might wonder, then, what hospitals and clinicians have to lose, in a malpractice case they believe is likely to be lost on the merits, for records alteration or concealment that they think they might get away with. There is the Pennsylvania <a href="http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/document/495911/hb1802_pdf" target="_blank">Medical Care Availability and Reduction of Error (MCARE) Act of 2002</a> (PDF, see Section 511, "Preservation and accuracy of medical records", pg. 18-19). However, how often is that act enforced, even if a separate complaint (which is non-judicial) about records alteration is made to the <a href="http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/licensing/12483">PA Bureau of Professional and Occupational Affairs</a> (where large medical centers might have sympathetic friends) and to similar bodies in other states? The camouflage made possible by EMR's would only add to the temptation to try to alter the case outcome through "reprehensible" records alteration and withholding/stonewalling on the production of EMR screen shots, audit trails and other data. -- SS Sept. 30, 2011 addendum: The court's own use of the term "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstruction_of_justice">obstruction of justice</a>" suggests another venue for addressing chart alterations besides civil court: <blockquote>The crime of obstruction of justice, in United States jurisdictions, refers to the crime of interfering with the work of police, investigators, regulatory agencies, prosecutors, or other (usually government) officials. </blockquote> Specifically, criminal court. Sept. 30, 2011 addendum #2: Apparently a memorandum opinion such as the above "Stroud v. Abington Hospital" does not create precedent (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorandum_opinion">link</a>): <blockquote> A memorandum opinion or memorandum decision is a judicial opinion that does not create precedent, persuasive or mandatory in some jurisdictions. A memorandum is often brief and written only to announce judgment in a particular case. Depending on the kind of memorandum decision, citation of the opinion as case law may not be accepted.</blockquote> While there are likely other cases addressing the medical record alteration/withholding issue, to my legally ignorant mind [1], perhaps in addition to criminal charges, "outrageous conduct of altering and withholding the medical records" should be pursued vigorously by plaintiff's attorneys as a basis for punitive damages. This is especially true if the conduct resulted in or contributed to patient harm. Note: <div style="text-align: left;">[1] Perhaps "legal amateur" is a more accurate term in the same way I am a <a href="http://www.arrl.org/">radio amateur</a> or ham (albeit Extra Class) with some technical experience, but not a telecommunications professional who would/should run a mission-critical enterprise telecommunications project -- and in the same way that many in charge of health IT in hospitals are really <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2009/12/utter-arrogance-of-it-industry.html">health IT amateurs</a> with no significant formal training. </div> -- SS

Stroud v. Abington Memorial Hospital: Is This Why Chart Alteration Might Be Appealing?

As I described in several recent posts on malpractice cases at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) including: " UPMC and the...

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Do Health Care Leaders Realize They Do Not Practice What They Preach?

When we began Health Care Renewal in late 2004, we focused on "concentration and abuse of power" as a driver of dysfunction in the health system.  We have frequently discussed how problems with the leaders of health care organizations, who may be uninformed, incompetent, self-interested, conflicted, or even corrupt, may be a major cause of rising costs, declining access, and poor quality.  This week, the news reminded us how unsustainable US health care costs have become.  The average cost of health care insurance for those fortunate enough to have it provided by employers exceeded $15,000 last year (look <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/28/business/28insure.html">here</a>), a year in which median house-hold income fell under $50,000 (look <a href="http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/income_wealth/cb11-157.html">here</a>).  Yet there is no evidence that the country with the world's most expensive health care has anything approaching the world's best health care.  From the Harvard Business School, a Call to Rethink Management's Conventional Wisdom So it was with some hope that I read about a call to change the fundamental beliefs of corporate leaders, particularly corporate health care leaders.  An adjunct faculty member at the august Harvard Business School, Raymond V Gilmartin, <a href="http://blogs.hbr.org/hbsfaculty/2011/09/ceos-need-a-new-set-of-beliefs.html">posting on the school's blog</a> first summarized the conventional wisdom of corporate leaders: <blockquote>Most CEOs and corporate board members would agree that the theories and beliefs listed below drive their decision-making on how best to meet the challenges they face: - The focus of the CEO and the board should be on maximizing shareholder value. - The stock market is short-term-oriented. - Stock-based incentive compensation aligns the self-interest of management with shareholders, and a performance-based pay system increases employee motivation. - Societal concerns should be addressed through corporate social responsibility programs. - The 'best athlete' from inside or outside the company should be chosen as the successor to the CEO. In my experience, these beliefs have led managers and boards to take actions that have had unintended, destructive consequences.</blockquote> Some of these issues seemed to overlap those we have discussed. We have written about the harmful effects of some of these aspects of the conventional wisdom of health care leaders, particularly the <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/perverse%20incentives">perverse incentives </a>supplied by excess <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/executive%20compensation">executive compensation</a> that seems unrelated to how his or her or the organization's performance affects patients' and the public's health, that health care leaders seem to <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/mission-ignorant%20management">care little</a> about the organization's health care mission, if they are not actively <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/mission-hostile%20management">hostile to it</a>, and that leaders often seem to be chosen because of their perceived ability as <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/generic%20managers">generic managers</a>, not their knowledge of health care or their understanding of its values.  Furthermore, Mr Gilmartin advocated for a new set of guiding beliefs that also were at least somewhat resonant: <blockquote>Shareholders benefit most when CEOs and boards maximize value for society and act as agents of society rather than shareholders. </blockquote><blockquote>Actions to address societal issues should be an integral part of strategy, and operations and should not be isolated as a separate activity under the heading of corporate social responsibility. </blockquote> Thus Mr Gilmartin seemed to be supporting the notion that health care corporations should focus on providing products and services that actually improve health care, and should operate in ways that support health care's core values. Also, <blockquote>Purpose, meaning, and recognition are more powerful motivators than economic self-interest, and large external rewards can reduce intrinsic motivation.</blockquote> Here Mr Gilmartin seemed to be calling for less extravagant monetary rewards within health care corporations, and perhaps implying that awards should be aligned with health care outcomes and values rather than financial goals. Did He Practice What He Preached? Long-time readers of Health Care Renewal know that we often base our arguments about how health care should be renewed on demonstrations of the internal contradictions within the current dysfunctional system. So for those of you wondering if this is one of our rare upbeat posts about the message getting out, it is time to demonstrate the paradoxical aspects of Mr Gilmartin's apparently reformist views. If you did not recognize his name right away, Mr Gilmartin, besides being a current adjunct faculty member at Harvard, was the CEO and Chairman of Merck from 1994 to 2005 (see <a href="http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/bod/rgilmartin/">here</a>). When he proclaimed his beliefs above, he did not assert they were new revelations, but rather his guiding beliefs since before he became the leader of Merck: <blockquote>Listed below are an alternative set of beliefs that guided me when I was the CEO of Merck and Becton Dickinson. I strongly feel that they have greater validity, are more effective in meeting today's management challenges, will lead to superior outcomes, and will help restore public faith in business and its leaders. </blockquote> However, his record as leader of Merck, a <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/Merck">record that supplied considerable grist to the Health Care Renewal mill since 2005</a>, stands in stark contrast to these stated beliefs. CEOs should "maximize value for society and act as agents of society" Mr Gilmartin presided over what became known as the Vioxx scandal, one so big that it was actually eventually well-documented in medical journals, thus escaping the anechoic effect. In summary, Vioxx (rofecoxib, Merck) a Cox-2 inhibitor non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for pain, and touted for its ostensibly low risk of gastrointestinal side-effects, was withdrawn from the market in 2004 because of its cardiac risks.  The Vioxx case is flush with examples of how the company used deception to market a very profitable drug without regard to its risks to patients.  There is evidence is that the company knew about these effects since 2000, but suppressed the clinical research evidence until 2003.(1)  In particular, in 2005, the editors of the New England Journal of Medicine raised concerns that an article published in that journal in 2000 about the results of the VIGOR study of rofecoxib sponsored by Merck failed to report data that would have suggested that the drug caused excess cardiovascular risks.(2) In 2007, the company paid more than $4.9 billion to settle patient lawsuits alleging harm due to Vioxx.(3)  Also in 2008, the company made a $58 million settlement of claims its advertising of Vioxx deceptively minimized its risks.(4) In 2008, it became clear that at least one apparently clinical trial of Vioxx, the ADVANTAGE trial, was merely a "seeding trial,' that is, a marketing exercise.(5) On Health Care Renewal, we starting <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/Vioxx">writing about Vioxx</a> in 2005, including, - <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2005/04/more-evidence-of-ghostwriting.html">here</a> about ghost-writing of a Vioxx research publication; - <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2005/06/allegations-that-merck-threatened.html">here</a>, and <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2005/12/more-allegations-that-merck-executives.html">here</a> about allegations that Merck executives tried to intimidate Vioxx critics; - <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2007/03/drug-crazy.html">here</a> about how advocates of an extreme laissez faire approach to regulation of health care corporations used illogical arguments about the Vioxx case; - <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2008/08/article-in-annals-of-internal-medicine.html">here</a> about the ADVANTAGE "seeding trial," that is, a study really meant to recruit supposed physician-researchers as prescribers; and - <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2010/01/physician-pleads-guilty-to-fraud-for.html">here</a> about how one once prominent Vioxx researcher pleaded guilty to fraud in connection with his research on other drugs. -  <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2010/02/merck-settles-another-vioxx-case.html">here</a> about how in settling a shareholder lawsuit Merck vowed to improve its scientific and academic integrity, and refrain from manipulating and suppressing clinical research. In 2010, we <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2010/02/merck-settles-another-vioxx-case.html">summarized </a>the Vioxx case thus, " the Vioxx case provides a good lesson about some of the tactics used to deceptively and unethically promote health care products (pharmaceuticals in this case)." The widespread deceptions of the Vioxx case, which likely fooled many patients into taking and physicians into prescribing a drug whose harms greatly outweighed its benefits, seem to be the antithesis of "maximizing value for society." "Purpose, meaning, and recognition are more powerful motivators than economic self-interest" Yet Mr Gilmartin embraced compensation that greatly boosted his economic self-interest even as the scope of the Vioxx case became well-known. In 2005, we <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2005/04/after-vioxx-withdrawal-how-did-merck.html">noted </a>that Merck CEO and Chairman Raymond V Gilmartin got a 2004 salary of US $1.6 million, plus a $1.4 million bonus, and stock options worth $19.2 million. Also, he exercised other stock options that year, gaining a further $34.8 million.  All this he received soon after the withdrawal of Vioxx, and  despite Merck's stock 30% drop after this withdrawal. Lack of Insight We have occasionally discussed evidence that a significant proportion of organizational leaders, including health care leaders, are <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2006/06/snakes-in-suits-book.html">"snakes in suits,"</a> that is, sociopaths who only care about their own self-interest. However, it is likely that the majority of leaders are certainly not sociopathic. Why, then, do so many health care leaders preside over, if not directly authorize, direct or implement actions they ought to have known were wrong?  The stark contrast between Mr Gilmartin's stated beliefs and the history of Vioxx case which occurred on his watch suggest a failure of insight about his own actions.  He did not seem to realize that what he practiced appeared at odds with the beliefs he now says he espouses. We constantly hear that our health care organizational leaders, particularly the CEOs of large health care organizations, are the "best and the brightest," especially when their enormous compensation needs justification (for example, look <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2011/09/highly-paid-skilled-executives-and.html">here</a> for a recent example, and <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/executive%20compensation">here</a> for more.)  A reasonable assumption would be that the "best and the brightest" have some insight into their own actions, and the extent their actions live up to their principles and beliefs. This new extension of the Vioxx case suggests that an important reason that health care leaders continue to appear ill-informed, incompetent, self-interested, conflicted, or even corrupt is that they lack insight into how their actions might make them seem such. If their mental model of their own actions tells them they well-informed, competent, devoted to the mission of their organization, and honest, regardless of any evidence to the contrary, this faulty insight will allow them to continue actions that make them appear otherwise. The challenge then is to somehow provide real feedback to health care leaders when their actions appear ill-informed, incompetent, self-interested, conflicted or corrupt. Some reasonable hypotheses would be: - CEOs and other top leaders must be removed from their bubbles, must relinquish their <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/imperial%20CEO">"imperial"</a> status. They must not be too sheltered from the vicissitudes of daily life, or shielded from criticism or disagreement. - We must end the perverse incentives that reward CEOs for doing wrong, particularly for making short-term revenue, or even the illusion thereof, their primary benchmark. In other words, as we have said before, health care leaders must become accountable for what they do, particularly for the effects of what they do on patient's and the public's health. Maybe if health care leaders can begin to see themselves as others see them, they will start to act to benefit patient's and the public's health, and we might see some improvement in our drastically expensive, inaccessible, and poor quality health care system. Hat tip to Ed Silverman <a href="http://www.pharmalot.com/2011/09/former-merck-ceo-says-execs-need-new-beliefs/">on the PharmaLot blog</a>. References 1. Topol EJ. Failing the public health - rofecoxib, Merck and the FDA. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 1707-1709.  Link <a href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp048286">here</a>. 2. Curfman GD, Morrisey S, Drazen JM et al.  Expression of concern reaffirmed. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:1193. Link <a href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe068054">here</a>. 3. Charatan F. Merck to pay $5bn in rofecoxib claims. Brit Med J 2007; 335: 1011. Link <a href="http://www.bmj.com/content/335/7628/1011.1.full">here</a>. 4. Charatan F. Merck to pay $58m in settlements over rofecoxib advertising. Brit Med J 2008; 336: 1208-1209. Link <a href="http://www.bmj.com/content/336/7655/1208.2.full">here</a>. 5. Hill KP, Ross JS, Egilman DS, Krumholz HM. The ADVANTAGE seeding trial: a review of internal documents. Ann Int Med 2008; 149: 251-258. Link<a href="http://www.annals.org/content/149/4/251.full"> here</a>.

Do Health Care Leaders Realize They Do Not Practice What They Preach?

When we began Health Care Renewal in late 2004, we focused on "concentration and abuse of power" as a driver of dysfunction in the...

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Propofol and Other Drug Questions: Was Michael Jackson a UPMC Patient at the Same Time as Samuel Sweet?

At my Sept. 24, 2011 post "<a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2011/09/sweet-death-that-wasnt-very-sweet-how_24.html">UPMC and the Sweet death that wasn't very sweet: How EMRs can detract from a clear narrative, and facilitate spoliation and obfuscation of evidence</a>" I wrote a detailed summary of a civil medical malpractice Complaint regarding possible electronic chart alteration. As I pointed out, that Complaint made EMR metadata visible to laypeople for the first time that I am aware. A new docket has appeared in that case entitled "Interrogatories to Defendant" from Attorney/physician Deborah Maliver dated Sept. 27, 2011. This document is publicly downloadable from the Pittsburgh Prothonotary Office Civil Docket site <a href="https://dcr.alleghenycounty.us/SelectCaseID.asp?filename=Welcome.htm&NoLoginRequired=yes" target="_blank">at this link</a>, case #GD-09-019407, document #55, or at my cached version <a href="http://www.ischool.drexel.edu/faculty/ssilverstein/cases/lawsuits/Sweet_second_omnibus_discovery_request_vol1025000001C2.pdf">at this link</a> (PDF). It brings up questions of even greater concern to me as a physician, those of mysterious drug orders for powerful sedatives such as propofol, fentanyl and etomidate. Apparently the metadata makes it difficult to account for what could be questioned as "over-generous" dispensing of those drugs. (This is ironic, since the trial of the doctor who administered this drug to deceased singer Michael Jackson has itself <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/after-jurors-hear-of-michael-jacksons-promise-pain-manslaughter-trial-moves-into-2nd-day/2011/09/28/gIQA037n3K_story.html">just gotten underway</a>.) Here is the first interrogatory request listing numerous drugs: <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz5UUn1fAdqG_C4hgdKbsZVqd8nSvaKZ-Qzu4FIOmkQwUaBnawjjlNLqYhEhlZ4JzBH7dv6EOtqPw01aQI-_eN2D5PNICxR-BX3ZRVqPDx8r37ZrUyUOqTQWsnTTx2od_CB4JegU-H1zu_/s1600/req_drugs.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5657422163070212418" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz5UUn1fAdqG_C4hgdKbsZVqd8nSvaKZ-Qzu4FIOmkQwUaBnawjjlNLqYhEhlZ4JzBH7dv6EOtqPw01aQI-_eN2D5PNICxR-BX3ZRVqPDx8r37ZrUyUOqTQWsnTTx2od_CB4JegU-H1zu_/s320/req_drugs.jpg" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 205px;" /></a>Question 1. Request for full metadata on these drugs (click to enlarge) </div> See Exhibit "A" from the new Interrogatory docket below, as produced in discovery earlier, and download the new Interrogatory in its entirety to see the questions asked about the other metadata: <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifbEyA4JmFHLDEi9l7jeLeR49Edosxc81jdxE8L2ehKi0mo1XxAte2xJaH6Q9QY5MPjfgexHoFATqrU53bjf2ofDh3OsrQA00GJ4BRNAfAxpn1AZ6CXLa4QqK4KI0UHnQKWgWnGAnwkkjb/s1600/propofol.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5657414336191328802" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifbEyA4JmFHLDEi9l7jeLeR49Edosxc81jdxE8L2ehKi0mo1XxAte2xJaH6Q9QY5MPjfgexHoFATqrU53bjf2ofDh3OsrQA00GJ4BRNAfAxpn1AZ6CXLa4QqK4KI0UHnQKWgWnGAnwkkjb/s320/propofol.jpg" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 381px; height: 221px;" /></a>Exhibit "A". McKesson drug cabinet dispenser audit trail. Five 100-ml vials of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propofol">propofol</a> in a row from May 14-May 15? <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorazepam">Lorazepam</a> (ativan), propofol and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etomidate">etomidate</a> on May 15-16 at a time when a patient had a deteriorating respiratory status? (These drugs suppress the respiratory drive.) Click to enlarge. </div> Question 4 is particularly disturbing: <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlvErAEhoZ4kZTtYw4FQaahTK0l6pLTMpEiGMrkaERDnxCmpUGzhHHC3yqQ8hOCkcCri22GT_FK9t8Gneg1k4seXSmeUfX3Qvl1o0beyx6fHzz6sc5JX5rKEJNBiUXW_R7seh8HF8Np26H/s1600/do_not_appear.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5657423242222664578" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlvErAEhoZ4kZTtYw4FQaahTK0l6pLTMpEiGMrkaERDnxCmpUGzhHHC3yqQ8hOCkcCri22GT_FK9t8Gneg1k4seXSmeUfX3Qvl1o0beyx6fHzz6sc5JX5rKEJNBiUXW_R7seh8HF8Np26H/s320/do_not_appear.jpg" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 380px; height: 147px;" /></a>(click to enlarge) <div style="text-align: left;"> Apparently none of these drugs appeared in the eMAR system, the electronic medication administration record. Where did they go? I hope the full audit trails will show a definitive final disposition of these drugs. One would hope a highly computerized medical center could keep track of its inventory of drugs of powerful potential for abuse with 100% certainty, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_of_custody">chain-of-custody</a> style (that means, 0% guesswork): <blockquote>Chain of custody (CoC) refers to the chronological documentation or paper trail, showing the seizure, custody, control, transfer, analysis, and disposition of evidence, physical or electronic.</blockquote> </div></div>This is of concern to me as a former Occupational Medicine physician (in the transit industry) and a physician in general. I've seen drug abuse result in train wrecks - literally. Drug abuse/failure to be able to track disposition in a hospital would represent a prima facie public health menace. There are also questions about whether users of the EMR signed in or used the accounts of other individuals, which is another weakness of the EMR. No handwriting to evaluate... -- SS 10/24/11 Addendum: Here is a horrible example of what can go wrong when drugs of abuse potential are not tracked with the utmost of rigor: <blockquote>Star Tribune/Minneapolis <a href="http://www.startribune.com/local/minneapolis/132140228.html">Abbott Northwestern patient left 'writhing in pain' sues</a> "Hi, love," Sarah May Casareto greeted Larry V. King as he lay on a gurney before surgery. As they wheeled down the hall, he recalled in court records, she told him that he'd have to "man up" because they couldn't give him a lot of medication. The next 57 minutes of surgery were excruciating, according to a lawsuit filed Tuesday in Hennepin County District Court that accuses the drug-addicted former nurse of skimming his narcotics, which left him "writhing in pain" during a medical procedure for kidney stones last year at a Minneapolis hospital. Casareto, of Forest Lake, entered an Alford plea of guilty Sept. 1 to a fifth-degree controlled substance crime for possessing Fentanyl, a high-powered painkiller, and was sentenced to probation in connection with the Nov. 8 incident at Abbott Northwestern Hospital. The plea enabled Casareto to maintain her innocence while acknowledging ample evidence to convict her. The suit, which seeks at least $50,000 in damages, alleges that she was "negligent and careless" in her care for King, 57, of Bloomington. The suit also names Abbott as a defendant. It contends that Abbott "knew or should have known [before the procedure] that Casareto was exhibiting drug-seeking behavior and that she had become dependent upon narcotic pain medications." It also notes that Abbott officials knew that she had failed "on at least six different occasions" to properly handle patients' pain medication obtained from the hospital pharmacy. King's attorney, Tony Nemo, called the lawsuit reflective of "a growing problem" that should draw closer scrutiny to drug diversion, or the theft of medications intended for patients. "One of the things I know Mr. King is hoping is that this case may cause Twin Cities hospitals to reveal procedures and protocols to, if not prevent, at least minimize this problem in the future," he said.</blockquote> I wonder if information technology problems regarding tracking of drugs with abuse potential existed. Read the whole article at the above link. -- SS

Propofol and Other Drug Questions: Was Michael Jackson a UPMC Patient at the Same Time as Samuel Sweet?

At my Sept. 24, 2011 post " UPMC and the Sweet death that wasn't very sweet: How EMRs can detract from a clear narrative, and fa...

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Using Logical Fallacies to Scold "Pharmascolds"

I first became dimly aware of how dysfunctional health care had become in the US after seeing, up close and personal, a case of attempted suppression of medical research because its content offended vested interests.  (See "Academic Freedom and the Corporate University" by Jennifer Washburn <a href="http://www.aaup.org/AAUP/pubsres/academe/2011/JF/Feat/wash.htm">here</a>.)  We have since blogged frequently about <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/suppression%20of%20medical%20research">suppression of research</a>, other threats to <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/free%20speech">free speech</a> and <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/academic%20freedom">academic freedom</a> in health care, and the larger <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/anechoic%20effect">anechoic effect</a>, which undermines discussion of many of the threats to core values in health care. A Case Illustrating "How Academic Orthodoxy is Enforced?" Thus, I am always on the lookout for new cases which illuminate these issues.  So a recent <a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/davidshaywitz/2011/09/18/how-academic-orthodoxy-is-enforced/">post</a> on the well-known Forbes blog site by David Shaywitz, identified only as a "contributor," caught my attention: <blockquote>an elite coterie of self-righteous academics seek not to level the playing field but to dominate it, imposing their particular world view on everyone else. Of course, conservatives, among others, have long alleged this is the true nature of American colleges– where tolerance and open-mindedness is said extend from the left all the way to … the far left. But we now have the opportunity to see this play out at the professional level as well.</blockquote> This sounds somewhat familiar. The FIRE (Foundation for Individual Rights in Education) <a href="http://www.thefire.org/">web-site</a> boasts a huge case file of attacks on free speech in academia. Most of them did not involve professional schools, or academic medicine in particular. Note, however, that FIRE is avowedly non-partisan, and while many attacks they deplore seemed to be on the free speech of those on the right, quite a few were also on those on the left. So what was the nature of this illuminating case? <blockquote>Those who wonder how academic orthodoxy is enforced in practice need look no further than the response to a recent lecture given at Case Western University by Dr. Tom Stossel, the American Cancer Society Professor of Medicine at Harvard, and Director of the Translational Medicine Division of the Brigham and Women’s Hospital, where he is also an attending physician. (Disclosure: Stossel was an academic colleague of mine back when I was in Boston, and we have co-written a number of commentaries over the years; we also coined the term, Pharmascolds.) Stossel’s lecture, from what I’ve heard, was well-attended — so good for him. But the real news was the three sentence email received by members of the Case Western faculty prior to Stossel’s lecture — a nastygram sent by a colleague at the neighboring Cleveland Clinic. Subject line: 'Re: Medicine Grand Rounds — Tuesday September 13th' (i.e. Stossel’s talk). Body of the email (in full): 'This guy is an embarrassment to the medical profession. Can’t believe you would have him provide Grand Rounds. Your trainees deserve better.'</blockquote> Enforcement or Just Argument? Unless there is more too it, however, this case would not seem to fit in the category of attempts at suppression of free speech or academic freedom. After all, the folks from FIRE often note that the best response to speech or writing with which one disagrees is more speech or writing. The case above seems to involve two people who disagree, Dr Stossel, and whoever wrote the email. Disagreement is what free speech is all about. Per the FIRE web-site <a href="http://thefire.org/cases/freespeech/">section</a> on free speech: <blockquote>Freedom of speech is a fundamental American freedom, and nowhere should it be more valued and protected than at America's colleges and universities. The 'marketplace of ideas' upon which a university depends for its intellectual vitality cannot flourish when students or faculty members must fear punishment for expressing views that might be unpopular with the public at large or disfavored by university administrators. </blockquote> For this case to be an example of someone trying to "enforce academic orthodoxy," there needs to be an action, or at least threat of an action to silence one of these two people, or to punish one of them for what he or she already said. So I looked for the next part of this case. But there appears to be a problem. There is no more to the case than what appears above: <blockquote>And there you have it — watch and learn kids! - here’s how A-list academics do it, in three steps and three sentences.</blockquote> So Mr Shaywitz appeared to be arguing that somehow the email sent about Dr Stossel is a threat to free speech. However, unless the email came from some academic official who could punish Dr Stossel or his audience at Case Western University, the threat to free speech is not apparent. So we need to find out who wrote the three-sentence email, and whether he or she had the power to enforce his or her opinions as orthodoxy.  Who wrote the email? <blockquote>The author of this email? Dr. Steven Nissen, perhaps America’s most quoted Pharmascold.</blockquote> Dr Nissen is <a href="http://my.clevelandclinic.org/staff_directory/staff_display.aspx?doctorid=1185">Chief</a> of Cardiovascular Medicine at the Cleveland Clinic. Although he appears to have an appointment at the Case Western Reserve Medical School, the chair of <a href="http://www.cwrumedicine.org/divisions/cardiovascular-medicine">cardiovascular medicine </a>there is Dr Dan Simon. Maybe Dr Nissen did not agree with Dr Stossel, but there is no obvious way he could "enforce" his dislike, or otherwise turn it into "orthodoxy." Dr Stossel's speech may be obnoxious to Dr Nissen. And Dr Nissen's written email may be obnoxious to Dr Stossel, and to Mr Shaywitz. However, neither side has enforced its orthodoxy on, or suppressed the speech of the other. Logical Fallacies Relativist Fallacy If Dr Nissen could enforce orthodoxy by merely writing an email, then Dr Stossel presumably could do so by giving his talk, and Mr Shaywitz could also do so by publishing his post. Implying that only Dr Nissen, with whom Mr Shaywitz disagreed, enforced orthodoxy appears to be an example of the <a href="http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/relativist-fallacy.html">relativist fallacy</a>, the fallacy that a claim may be true for others, but not for the person making it. Thus the central premise of the blog post appeared to be based on a logical fallacy.  This suggests one should be highly skeptical that the goal of the published work was really the defense of free speech.  Straw Man Fallacy It did begin with a paean to free speech that even FIRE staff might like, but then posed an interesting contrast: <blockquote>When you think about the arguments raised by the Pharmascolds, critics who worry about university/industry interactions, constriction of academic freedom is typically cited as a key concern. To the Pharmascolds, industry represents an inherently corruptive influence on students and trainees, and threatens to impose a restrictive and biased world view upon them. While this 'Pharmascolds as defenders of academic freedom' narrative has certainly enjoyed considerable traction (likely related to the enabling role of journalists in this dynamic), there’s another competing narrative to consider.</blockquote> It appears that Mr Shaywitz really does not agree with the "Pharmascolds," a group in which he believes Dr Nissen fits.  Mr Shaywitz did not explain who the Pharmascolds other than Dr Nissen are. He did not provide evidence in support of his summary of their views.  So, at least in this blog post, the Pharmascolds appear to be straw men, and Mr Shaywitz thus appeared to be using the <a href="http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/straw-man.html">straw man fallacy</a> to support his argument. A Second Relativist Fallacy Moreover, Mr Shaywitz did not try to challenge the truth of the "Pharmascolds'" supposed views. Rather, he offered a "competing narrative." That is a surprising form of argumentation for someone who seemed to be appealing to conservatives. The notion that there is no truth, only competing narratives, is straight out of post-modernism, a school of thought with which conservatives rarely identify. Mr Shaywitz's casting of his argument as a better, but still "competing narrative," thus appears to be another use of the <a href="http://www.nizkor.org/features/fallacies/relativist-fallacy.html">relativist fallacy</a>. So this extraordinary blog post in Forbes appears to be less a reasoned defense of free speech and academic freedom and more an attempt to once again discredit the "Pharmascolds," and hence to discredit anyone who is skeptical of the influence of pharmaceutical companies and other commercial vested interests on academic medicine. But like the <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2009/04/who-is-now-scolding-pharmascolds.html">last attempt </a>to mock the "Pharmascolds," this one was based on primarily on logical fallacies. Summary We have noted that logical fallacies are increasingly deployed to defend the status quo in health care, and particularly to defend the interests of those who are profiting the most from the current dysfunctional system.  We have noted that several defenses of the conflicts of interest generated by financial relationships between physicians and medical academics on one hand and commercial health care firms on the other, were based on logical fallacies.  (See examples <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2011/03/once-more-with-feeling-another-defense.html">here</a>, <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2010/11/there-you-go-again-richard-epstein-says.html">here</a>, and <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2009/09/latest-version-of-argument-that-we-are.html">here</a>.)  I have yet to see a coherent, logical, fact-based argument that the benefits for patients' and the public's health of physicians and medical academics working part-time as consultants, advisers, speakers, and directors of health care corporations outweigh the obvious risks of biasing medical decision making, education and research in favor of vested interests. I have also yet to see an argument in favor of conflicts of interest made by anyone who does not have such conflicts.  While David Shaywtiz was identified only as a "contributor" on his Forbes post, and as an "adjunct scholar" on the <a href="http://www.aei.org/article/104155">version</a> on the American Enterprise Institute site, his <a href="http://blogs.forbes.com/people/davidshaywitz/">profile</a> on the Forbes site notes that he really is Dr David Shaywitz, trained as a "physician-scientist," who now "works at a biopharmaceutical company in San Francisco." His <a href="http://davidshaywitz.wordpress.com/">own blog</a> identifies him as "currently Director of Strategic and Commercial Planning at Theravance, a publicly-held drug development company in South San Francisco."  So perhaps Dr Shaywitz disagrees with the "Pharmascolds" because their skepticism may be perceived as threatening the vested interests of Dr Shaywitz's company? Perhaps the campaign against the "Pharmascolds" is yet another example of stealth health policy advocacy by those with vested interests that might be threatened by skepticism about ties among physicians, academic medicine, and industry? Physicians and the public need to stay extremely skeptical about much of published health policy advocacy, particularly when the arguments appear illogical, or the interests of the advocates are not clear.

Using Logical Fallacies to Scold "Pharmascolds"

I first became dimly aware of how dysfunctional health care had become in the US after seeing, up close and personal, a case of attempted su...

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UPMC and the Sweet death that wasn't very sweet: How EMRs can detract from a clear narrative, and facilitate spoliation and obfuscation of evidence

The world of electronic medical records is very secretive. Vendors will not allow their programs or data structures to be examined, even by the academic community. Their products, medical devices, are not vetted by regulatory agencies such as the FDA for quality. Patients and clinical personnel are supposed to take the word of the seller that these systems are fit for purpose and of high quality. A window into the internal working of EMR's was initiated Down Under just this year, in the form of a detailed internal analysis of an ED EMR product from America slated for roll-out in public hospitals in one of Australia's most populous states. Dr. Jon Patrick of the University of Sydney performed this work. He was not happy with what he found, in terms of software engineering, human computer interaction, and other issues related to fitness for purpose. See <a href="http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/it/%7Ehitru/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=120&Itemid=116">here</a> and <a href="http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/it/%7Ehitru/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=91&Itemid=146">here</a>. (For more on healthcare IT difficulties, see "Contemporary Issues in Medical Informatics: Common Examples of Healthcare Information Technology Difficulties" at this link: <a href="http://www.ischool.drexel.edu/faculty/ssilverstein/cases/">http://www.ischool.drexel.edu/faculty/ssilverstein/cases/</a>.) One component of the healthcare IT "ecosystem" many have been unable to see, which is perhaps even more carefully guarded than the program code and data structures, is the metadata on EMR use. A remarkable development has now changed that metadata secrecy - a public civil lawsuit court docket. Metadata is "data about data." In this context, that means data about who accessed the EMR, what they did, when they did it, from where they did it, etc. Perhaps it should be deliberately misspelled as "meatdata." It allows the "legible gibberish" (see my Feb. 2011 post "<a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2011/02/electronic-medical-records-two-weeks.html" target="_blank">Electronic Medical Records: Two Weeks, Two Reams</a>" for more on that term) produced by the clinical side of EMR to be better weaved into meat, that is, a medical narrative that is essential to truly understanding a case. I noted the unfortunate case of Samuel Sweet at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UMPC), as reported by Sean Hamill in the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette: <blockquote><a href="http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/11262/1175874-114.stm" style="font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">Trial to begin in wrongful death claim</a> Monday, September 19, 2011 By Sean D. Hamill, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette As far as Samuel Sweet was concerned, he only had a headache. It was a bad one, but nothing more, maybe something his chiropractor could fix with a little adjustment. But three days after being admitted to UPMC Presbyterian for what his family was told was a treatable amount of bleeding on the brain, and six hours after his family saw him laughing and chatting about the Penguins' playoff chances, early in the morning of May 16, 2009, Mr. Sweet died unexpectedly. Why he died is the subject of a civil case his family filed a few months later ... [Plaintiff's attorney] Ms. Maliver [actually Dr. Maliver, as she holds both the JD and MD degrees - ed.] said UPMC's timeline came into question in early August 2011, when UPMC finally turned over -- after two years of discovery [i.e, they turned them over at the last minute, a few weeks before trial was scheduled to begin - ed.] -- 1,200 pages of "results detail sheets" which show not only when something was written in Mr. Sweet's electronic chart, but who wrote it and how. [The patient died when there was a delay in treatment due to marked difficulty in putting a breathing tube into his lungs (a difficult intubation) when he developed respiratory failure. The defendants possibly never expected someone to actually comb through the 1,200 pages of "results detail sheets" on such a short time frame, but, apparently, the plaintiff's attorney took on the challenge - ed.] So, for example, Ms. Maliver alleges that the results detail sheets show that during the 21 minutes before Mr. Sweet was said to stop breathing, none of the information in his chart is straight from the computer monitors that would tell what his vital signs were during that period. But the results detail sheets also show something more troubling, Ms. Maliver said. She said she found evidence that three days after Mr. Sweet died, Dr. Richard Simmons, UPMC Presbyterian's head of quality assurance, tried to put a "Diff Intub" [difficult to intubate, due to anatomy - ed.] red-letter warning on Mr. Sweet's electronic medical record. That effort showed up on the results details sheets, according to Ms. Maliver. Such a warning would tell ["alert" would be a more precise term - ed] anyone who opened the record that Mr. Sweet was difficult to intubate. </blockquote>As a result of this newspaper story, the defendants filed a complaint with the judge, who ordered a six month delay in further proceedings. The complaint and decision is <a href="http://www.ischool.drexel.edu/faculty/ssilverstein/cases/lawsuits/sweet_v_upmc_delay.pdf">at this link</a> (PDF). In further investigating what I considered a remarkable story, I came across a public docket Dr. Maliver filed on behalf of her clients in the case, "PLAINTIFF'S MOTION AND SUPPORTING BRIEF TO AMEND COMPLAINT TO SEEK PUNITIVE DAMAGES". As I mentioned previously, this is a remarkable development that has opened a window on metadata secrecy. This is freely and publicly downloadable from the Pittsburgh Prothonotary Office Civil Docket site <a href="https://dcr.alleghenycounty.us/SelectCaseID.asp?filename=Welcome.htm&NoLoginRequired=yes" target="_blank">at this link</a>, case #GD-09-019407 , document #40 of 09/02/2011. (I have also cached the document at this link: <a href="http://www.ischool.drexel.edu/faculty/ssilverstein/cases/lawsuits/complaint_punitive_damages_vol101400000177.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.ischool.drexel.edu/faculty/ssilverstein/cases/lawsuits/complaint_punitive_damages_vol101400000177.pdf</a> .) As I mentioned in the aforementioned post, I found the hospital attorney's explanation of apparent tampering somewhat troubling: <blockquote>Dr. Simmons wasn't trying to alter the record, [attorney for the defendants] Mr. Conti said; instead he was in Mr. Sweet's medical record as part of the "peer review" process, assessing what happened in Mr. Sweet's case. As part of that, he was in the medical record three days after Mr. Sweet died trying to figure out how one would create a warning about a patient's difficult intubation [in effect, altering the record, at the very least through creation of a confusing audit trail - ed.], Mr. Conti said. </blockquote>The public nature of the "PLAINTIFF'S MOTION AND SUPPORTING BRIEF TO AMEND COMPLAINT TO SEEK PUNITIVE DAMAGES" document makes it possible for the public to look at some of the actual metadata to see for themselves what might have occurred. Again, this is remarkable and is the first time I am aware of when the public (and the academic Medical Informatics community, of which I am a part) gets to "peek behind the curtain" of an EMR's metadata. Let's take a look. I will summarize relevant part of the Motion and intersperse testimony and metadata from the actual record of Mr. Sweet (again, from a now-public court document). The purpose of the Motion was to seek punitive damages: <blockquote> A. SEEKING PUNITIVE DAMAGES (1) This is a civil action for medical malpractice in which the Plaintiff alleges in essence that Samuel Sweet, a relatively healthy man of only 62 years of age, needlessly suffocated to death in the intensive care unit at UPMC after undergoing a routine cerebral angiogram when, the following day, physicians recklessly and prematurely pulled out his breathing tube and then could not get it back in when it became obvious Mr. Sweet would die without it. (2) This case is listed for trial on September 19, 2011, and discovery has just concluded. (3) In light of the evidence adduced in discovery, the Plaintiff seeks to amend the Complaint to re-characterize Defendant Murugan's and Defendant actions and inactions as willful, wanton, reckless and not merely negligent. The Plaintiff similarly seeks to amend the ad damnum clause against these defendants to include a request for punitive damages because of their shocking and reckless disregard for Mr. Sweet's welfare and their attempts to alter the appearance of the medical records, in full awareness of Mr. Sweet's brain death, so as to obscure what really happened. </blockquote> It is the last part of count A.(3) I will address here, a quite serious charge involving medical record evidence spoliation, which is specifically forbidden in Pennsylvania by the <a href="http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/document/495911/hb1802_pdf" target="_blank">Medical Care Availability and Reduction of Error (MCARE) Act of 2002</a> (PDF, see Section 511, "Preservation and accuracy of medical records", pg. 18-19) and other regulations. Of importance, the Motion continues: <blockquote>... (15) UPMC has a special warning system that is intended to serve the very purpose of alerting all medical providers of a patient with a difficult airway. The way it works [as UMPC defendants testified under oath - ed.] is the attending physician, writes up the problem list for the patient and need only put difficult airway in the list, and this will trigger a special yellow banner to pop up on the patient's computer files for all to see every time the chart is opened and every time any page is viewed. Not only that, but then the words "difficult airway"appear in red text within the yellow banner, and this puts the viewers on notice to check the anesthesia record as to how intubation was done successfully in the past, so they can replicate the successful technique.</blockquote> This patient was extubated after a procedure to check for brain bleeding, but by late at night it became obvious he could not breathe adequately on his own, and needed to be re-intubated. Let's see how a chart appears with, and without the banner about a patient being difficult to intubate (due to their mouth and air-passage anatomy): <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjepsPEUxRQrIrssZIL9cYrrRT64dcuyXhRbKbQi66MSYxU8mDE0bByXZDP5P_R8jSj67Kg5i3nthaFPW9qjmFJsoflVAiHZy832W8ZaaRUEd9mjs7k0xCbtpLxZfaI-7SqJ1moanOTSFNW/s1600/banners.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5656026922887887554" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjepsPEUxRQrIrssZIL9cYrrRT64dcuyXhRbKbQi66MSYxU8mDE0bByXZDP5P_R8jSj67Kg5i3nthaFPW9qjmFJsoflVAiHZy832W8ZaaRUEd9mjs7k0xCbtpLxZfaI-7SqJ1moanOTSFNW/s320/banners.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 222px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 379px;" /></a>Real Electronic Medical Record screen of Mr. Sweet lacking warning banner, above; fictitious chart showing banner, below. [Why wasn't it the fictitious patient chart that was fiddled with? - ed.] Click to enlarge.</div> Such a warning apparently did not appear in Mr. Sweet's EMR chart, and that along with other failed communication (which can be read in the Motion) led to the re-intubation difficulties, and ultimately death. (I should note that it's possible the clinicians did flag the "difficult intubation" condition, but that the EHR lost the data through relational integrity problems, i.e., the information became "orphaned" from the patient's records, although still existing in the system somewhere.) <blockquote>(27) ... not one person knew that there was a note from anesthesiology containing a road map for success, that included the use of a "Fast-Track LMA device", neither of which was ever brought in for Mr. Sweet that night when he needed the tube to be put back in. <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2z4gOB0Q3lp2hrp57VVP_Ftbvf5LPbbQvUHMjDDu1mX33eJ8EiengqExqOgqRYD5ZMDuu_QwjIlW-r_0nEM5_2PsnWw-sGt9TK9jBUPZzbXIhYB6g4TsERT83SUa3nuPidqpgYhu2T7Hp/s1600/exhibit_E_how_banner_gets_there.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5656022205793766226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2z4gOB0Q3lp2hrp57VVP_Ftbvf5LPbbQvUHMjDDu1mX33eJ8EiengqExqOgqRYD5ZMDuu_QwjIlW-r_0nEM5_2PsnWw-sGt9TK9jBUPZzbXIhYB6g4TsERT83SUa3nuPidqpgYhu2T7Hp/s320/exhibit_E_how_banner_gets_there.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 254px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 320px;" /></a>Exhibit E. Under Oath. "A designation of difficult intubation automatically appears on a patient's banner bar if it is entered as a problem on the Problem List by the user selecting it from a drop-down menu list." (I tend to have doubts the problem list is that intelligent, but this is what was testified.) Click to enlarge.</div> Sworn testimony indicates nobody took the appropriate actions to enable the alert to appear on the EMR screens: <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix2t2DuFqy6bgmlNvyHCD75TVDQxgRh3bEDxsbSjAjSTPB6W7bH1r-GzRLh6CCmB0iRTGYJ7EVUq70C7plb19dATP-Z1uqLc0VKTudlwi6R6jl8O3ohUU-ruV8wyeW01CvZnhakp5DwW2u/s1600/no_one_ordered_alert.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5656031663479819794" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix2t2DuFqy6bgmlNvyHCD75TVDQxgRh3bEDxsbSjAjSTPB6W7bH1r-GzRLh6CCmB0iRTGYJ7EVUq70C7plb19dATP-Z1uqLc0VKTudlwi6R6jl8O3ohUU-ruV8wyeW01CvZnhakp5DwW2u/s320/no_one_ordered_alert.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 231px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 326px;" /></a>Admitted under oath. Nobody did what it would take to make a "difficult intubation" alert appear on Mr. Sweet's chart. Click to enlarge. </div> As a result of this missing data, the "syndrome of overconfidence in computers", and the toxic effect of poorly done health IT impairing clinician-clinician communications, physicians seeing this patient when he was under duress admit under oath they did not know of this intubation problem: <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJqIMyDrvvOYbOYgTR2iCeVPSBmx7qgbxzuBv3AN90MydUlouZIDByaCo-zMAazRMr6ApCuVu57Na1lGGVfh7U-jKTFixEFoUh0E-W9OmJB7aG8BB5u50dU0ryXhbPmIAQD4Hk_c_Znh6F/s1600/kaura_didn%2527t_know.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5656032339134827378" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJqIMyDrvvOYbOYgTR2iCeVPSBmx7qgbxzuBv3AN90MydUlouZIDByaCo-zMAazRMr6ApCuVu57Na1lGGVfh7U-jKTFixEFoUh0E-W9OmJB7aG8BB5u50dU0ryXhbPmIAQD4Hk_c_Znh6F/s320/kaura_didn%2527t_know.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 256px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 363px;" /></a>Dr. Kaura didn't know. Click to enlarge.</div> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbTxrAmyhpOQeGV7mPEdKXcMLBlI3Hk0uCJELiaUn752ZsI9DZzNAkeVrpjX3jy2JJT6WnBNGnAL_4_f5JbEV7fUIwos_upTAr1MZWH4g4C1VOzJpo93bAVUzw1OSuzJw1MdA3MR5C-nFR/s1600/sappington_didnt_know.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5656032394544316706" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbTxrAmyhpOQeGV7mPEdKXcMLBlI3Hk0uCJELiaUn752ZsI9DZzNAkeVrpjX3jy2JJT6WnBNGnAL_4_f5JbEV7fUIwos_upTAr1MZWH4g4C1VOzJpo93bAVUzw1OSuzJw1MdA3MR5C-nFR/s320/sappington_didnt_know.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 112px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 344px;" /></a>Dr. Sappington didn't know. Click to enlarge.</div></blockquote> This is bad enough. The post-mortem chart fiddling issues I am addressing here begin with this: <blockquote> C. (39) In the present case, after rounds of complex discovery battles, it became apparent that UPMC altered the records ... in this case, much of the record alteration was conducted by quality assurance officer, one Dr. Richard Simmons. (40) Once the brain death of Mr. Sweet was known, a wave of record alteration and supplementation occurred, largely though not exclusively at the behest of Dr. Simmons ... (41) For example, after Mr. Sweet was dead, when it could obviously not benefit his medical care, Dr. Simmons entered Mr. Sweet's computerized medical record, clearly looking into whether there had been a proper yellow-banner warning created through a problem list (which, of course, there was not). </blockquote> Again, these are serious charges. Why would the plaintiff attorney raise these charges? Let's look at some metadata: <blockquote style="font-weight: bold;"> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9ry71dCSwp2Rt4JWNQ5UkIjlPIHVAiZDix555U1xxV52g2vf-tAtv2UvtKNySvIgOrvQmWRPz3yy2bNnAnLLKSderTTx9WNWEqnGwXR8ouK_MvUDDspG-TypMgdiHxpsqw34qeSfN130u/s1600/Exhibit_K_simmons_postmortem_gap_audit_trail.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5656353477734292466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9ry71dCSwp2Rt4JWNQ5UkIjlPIHVAiZDix555U1xxV52g2vf-tAtv2UvtKNySvIgOrvQmWRPz3yy2bNnAnLLKSderTTx9WNWEqnGwXR8ouK_MvUDDspG-TypMgdiHxpsqw34qeSfN130u/s320/Exhibit_K_simmons_postmortem_gap_audit_trail.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 272px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 363px;" /></a>Exhibit K, showing quality assurance officer Dr. Simmons fiddling with Mr. Sweet's chart on May 19th several times during the day, as well as on the 22nd. Note circled entries. Note the gap (labeled) and the time of the last entry on the 19th, 15:23. Also note all these dates are post mortem by several days; death was on the 16th. Also note the times of entry, and the part of the chart accessed in the second round of accesses on May 19th - including "problem list" at 15:02. Click to enlarge. </div></blockquote> I note that we are left to wonder what happened between access round two by the QA Officer on May 19 beginning 15:01 PM, and round three on May 22 at 14:03 PM. (Where are data for May 19th after 15:23 and May 20th and 21st, I wonder as well? This was not a weekend but midweek ...) The Motion continues: <blockquote>(42) Thereafter, even though Mr. Sweet was now long dead and such action could do him no good, Dr. Simmons tried to create a problem list that had originally been omitted by Defendant. He listed a difficult airway as the problem (even though obviously Mr. Sweet's problem list would have included many things, such as having undergone an angiogram and a minor cerebral bleed). In other words, Dr. Simmons tried to take the action necessary to make the computer show the yellow banner warning that was missing. </blockquote> Here's more metadata seemingly supporting this statement. It's clear that nobody, including especially someone in Dr. Simmons' role should have been doing ANYTHING to the data that would or could raise suspicion of alterations via the metadata, such as times. Surely a presumably competent senior physician in a peer review role would have known this. (I also note, shouldn't the record have been electronically "locked" by several days after death, thus causing any changes after the lock to appear in the normal "give us the legal medical record" outputs, not just in metadata?): <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXp5-CufdtW2vq7LB8vCaVfHom0JtTXDV4aQpAqfn9WpAwEh4uEHsJCT5GZRUll_IaBglaLLenJxJiiYFuMXZIYfEuHHqueKq7gggilXdJUmrS5VBRzhV3SWMAA20QxXpgKn0oiOp_tBY7/s1600/problem_history.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5656028439347558466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXp5-CufdtW2vq7LB8vCaVfHom0JtTXDV4aQpAqfn9WpAwEh4uEHsJCT5GZRUll_IaBglaLLenJxJiiYFuMXZIYfEuHHqueKq7gggilXdJUmrS5VBRzhV3SWMAA20QxXpgKn0oiOp_tBY7/s320/problem_history.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 266px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 353px;" /></a>Exhibit L. Metadata showing Dr. Simmons on May 19th in the drop-down menu to make a problem list - then retracting it ("active --> cancelled") shortly afterwards. (I note the apparent cancellation time of 3:24 PM, i.e., 15:24, is just after the final May 19th entry of 15:23 on Exhibit K, when the several-day "gap" begins. I also note the patient died on May 16th. Curious... ) Click to enlarge.</div> But problems apparently occurred: <blockquote> (43) It did not work. The yellow banner would not appear retroactively onto the otherwise completed record although he did succeed in altering the original record to look like there had always been a problem list. Further, during review of the "detail sheets," the Plaintiff discovered that Dr. Simmons, having failed to create a banner warning, tried to then delete or undo what he had attempted, but could not get it out of the computer tracking system. See Exhibit L hereof. </blockquote> Let's look at the next part of Exhibit L: <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaar_8PLLPXJLjGIzHH8Vm6yaDQ_dcQUYcVqGXQ32HqWFrGRq9qvujhEgYkCTpMluJRAYZw9G4BfyNajfWv5Y-43H7pOVC-FEmtX9nzkWWOQC_uzlq5WzqwyCLHrYtA2-I16YWUb1_CkiY/s1600/problem_list.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5656029408970613938" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaar_8PLLPXJLjGIzHH8Vm6yaDQ_dcQUYcVqGXQ32HqWFrGRq9qvujhEgYkCTpMluJRAYZw9G4BfyNajfWv5Y-43H7pOVC-FEmtX9nzkWWOQC_uzlq5WzqwyCLHrYtA2-I16YWUb1_CkiY/s320/problem_list.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 414px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 311px;" /></a>Note the postmortem date of 5/19/2009 on this "problem list", and the attempted cancellation, presented as evidence. Note the time of the Problem list addition - 3:02 PM (i.e., 15:02 as in exhibit K above). Canceled as above at 3:24. Someone in Dr. Simmons' position should not have been fiddling with the problem list, knowing (or should have known, or should have made it his business to know) that footprints of fiddling in the metadata would, at the very least, raise eyebrows. Click to enlarge.</div> This does not look like the metadata that would be generated by peer review that I myself would perform ... In summary, this unique Motion containing actual EMR metadata is, in my personal view, suspect for 1) imprudent post-death fiddling with the EMR records at best, and/or 2) attempts to alter the EMR to unjustly protect those who caused harm to come to this patient at worst. I do not know which occurred, but hospital attorney Conti's excuse that "Dr. Simmons was in the medical record three days after Mr. Sweet died trying to figure out how one would create a warning about a patient's difficult intubation" [that is, entering new data not present before - ed.] could be either: <ul><li>A sign of lack of computer and legal savvy of a senior clinician/UPMC Presbyterian's head of quality assurance, but whose intentions were pure, as explained above; or</li><li>The confabulations of an attorney caught with his pants down.</li></ul> My personal opinion? Want to buy a bridge in Brooklyn, members of the jury and Your Honor? <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiub9uKGChN-bDJ46C8KLfqBpWMWV6CdN9TlYfMpMyYp4Qox50KotMPgBYNpTjYAaGOtMYY8vagPv_yayC-bgcmQryqP2jxMMiABdM-ERAKVF72cDuUCVUVPaHzF0gRsLH3qPHe28asMV1Z/s1600/brooklyn-bridge.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5656030708798404066" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiub9uKGChN-bDJ46C8KLfqBpWMWV6CdN9TlYfMpMyYp4Qox50KotMPgBYNpTjYAaGOtMYY8vagPv_yayC-bgcmQryqP2jxMMiABdM-ERAKVF72cDuUCVUVPaHzF0gRsLH3qPHe28asMV1Z/s320/brooklyn-bridge.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 210px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 280px;" /></a>NY bridge for sale. Cheap.</div> The following also does not favorably influence my interpretation of the metadata: <blockquote> (44) It is noteworthy that, prior to producing these results detail sheets that indicated such changes, UPMC attempted to file a motion for a protective order to bring all further discovery to a halt (a motion which was denied) even though the discovery deadline had not yet arrived. </blockquote> Obviously, this is not for me to decide and will need to await court adjudication, but as a Medical Informatics specialist and someone with some investigative experience regarding computers and medicine, I am not happy with the looks of this. I report, you decide. There were other allegations in this plaintiff's Motion, again based on clinical IT metadata, regarding: unaccounted-for drugs of potential abuse (e.g., sedative <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propofol">propofol</a>, the drug that <a href="http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2009/07/28/officials-believe-jacksons-doctor-gave-drug-killed-michael-jackson/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%25253A+foxnews%25252Fentertainment+%28FOXNews.com+-+Entertainment%29">killed Michael Jackson)</a>, the entry of fictitious data (such as vital signs, timing and medication administration by others including nurses), dictations coerced out of junior staff by senior personnel that might have been "spun" favorably to the medical center, etc., but those are the subject of later posts. I again repeat the six-month delay in this case could potentially leave various problems with this EMR system unexposed and unremediated. This could unnecessarily expose the public to six more months of risk. Addendum: if UPMC or the vendor take issue with posting of this material due to IP or other issues such as health IT gag clauses (which by the way are signed by hospital executives in violation of Joint Commission Safety Standards per my 2009 <a href="http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/302/4/382.1.extract">JAMA letter here</a> and longer essay <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2009/03/health-it-hold-harmless-and-defects-gag.html">here</a>), contact the Prothonotary Office in Pittsburgh, not me. -- SS Addendum: What type of person was Mr. Sweet? This type: <blockquote> Samuel E. Sweet Jr. Cheswick Samuel E. Sweet Jr., 62, of Cheswick, died Saturday, May 16, 2009, at UPMC Presbyterian Hospital. He was born Dec. 9, 1946, in New Kensington, son of the late Samuel E. Sweet Sr. and Marjorie (Secrist) Sweet. He was a resident of Cheswick for 33 years. He worked for the Army Corps of Engineers at Lock No. 2 of the Allegheny River and served in the Marine Corps during the Vietnam Era. He was a member of Hoboken Presbyterian Church, Blawnox Sportsmen Club, Blawnox "A" Club and the Springdale VFW. He enjoyed gardening and cutting grass. Survivors include his wife, Janet A. Sweet; sons, Samuel E. "Chip" (Michele) Sweet III, of Natrona, and William E. (Tracy) Sweet, of Edgewood; granddaughters, Kristin Ruff, of South Carolina, and Virginia Sweet, of Natrona; brother, John Thomas (Debbie) Sweet, of Warren; and nieces and nephews. Friends received from 2 to 6 p.m. Monday only, at the THOMAS M. SMITH FUNERAL HOME AND CREMATORY LTD., 930 Center Ave., Blawnox, followed by a funeral service at 7 p.m. in Hoboken Presbyterian Church, 921 North Ave., Blawnox, PA 15238. In lieu of flowers, the family respectfully suggests memorial contributions to Hoboken Presbyterian Church. </blockquote>-- SS Addendum: This case <a href="https://dcr.alleghenycounty.us/DisplayImage.asp?gPDFOH=vol1089%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20000002FF&CaseID=GD-09-019407&DocketType=PETOR&SeqNumber=79" target="_blank">was settled before going to trial</a> for $1,375,000. -- SS

UPMC and the Sweet death that wasn't very sweet: How EMRs can detract from a clear narrative, and facilitate spoliation and obfuscation of evidence

The world of electronic medical records is very secretive. Vendors will not allow their programs or data structures to be examined, even ...

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HHS rule would give government everybody’s health records?

I really don't like the sound of this in the Washington Examiner. It contains many warnings of the kind I've written about here at HC Renewal regarding EHR systems, data privacy, confidentiality and security, coding madness, and (especially in the proposed rule) computational alchemy - a belief that one can turn unreliable data into "gold": <a href="http://washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/op-eds/2011/09/obamare-hhs-rule-would-give-government-everybody-s-health-records"></a><blockquote><a href="http://washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/op-eds/2011/09/obamare-hhs-rule-would-give-government-everybody-s-health-records">HHS rule would give government everybody’s health records</a> By: Rep. Tim Huelskamp<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:16px;" > 09/23/11 3:29 PM OpEd Contributor It’s been said a thousand times: Congress had to pass President Obama’s health care law in order to find out what’s in it. But, despite the repetitiveness, the level of shock from each new discovery never seems to recede. This time, America is learning about the federal government’s plan to collect and aggregate confidential patient records for every one of us. In a proposed rule from Secretary Kathleen Sebelius and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the federal government is demanding insurance companies submit detailed health care information about their patients. (See Proposed Rule: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act; Standards Related to Reinsurance, Risk Corridors and Risk Adjustment, Volume 76, page 41930. Proposed rule docket ID is HHS-OS-2011-0022 <a href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-07-15/pdf/2011-17609.pdf">http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-07-15/pdf/2011-17609.pdf</a>) The HHS has proposed the federal government pursue one of three paths to obtain this sensitive information: A “centralized approach” wherein insurers’ data go directly to Washington; an “intermediate state-level approach” in which insurers give the information to the 50 states; or a “distributed approach” in which health insurance companies crunch the numbers according to federal bureaucrat edict. It’s par for the course with the federal government, but abstract terms are used to distract from the real objectives of this idea: no matter which “option” is chosen, government bureaucrats would have access to the health records of every American - including you. There are major problems with any one of these three “options.” First is the obvious breach of patient confidentiality. The federal government does not exactly have a stellar track record when it comes to managing private information about its citizens. Why should we trust that the federal government would somehow keep all patient records confidential? In one case, a government employee’s laptop containing information about 26.5 million veterans and their spouses was stolen from the employee’s home. There's also the HHS contractor who lost a laptop containing medical information about nearly 50,000 Medicare beneficiaries. And, we cannot forget when the USDA's computer system was compromised and information and photos of 26,000 employees, contractors, and retirees potentially accessed. [I've written about this issue <a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/search/label/medical%20record%20privacy">frequently</a> on this blog - ed.] The second concern is the government compulsion to seize details about private business practices. Certainly many health insurance companies defended and advocated for the president’s health care law, but they likely did not know this was part of the bargain. They are being asked to provide proprietary information to governments for purposes that will undermine their competitiveness. Obama and Sebelius made such a big deal about Americans being able to keep the coverage they have under ObamaCare; with these provisions, such private insurance may cease to exist if insurers are required to divulge their business models. Certainly businesses have lost confidential data like the federal government has, but the power of the market can punish the private sector. A victim can fire a health insurance company; he cannot fire a bureaucrat. What happens to the federal government if it loses a laptop full of patient data or business information? What recourse do individual citizens have against an inept bureaucrat who leaves the computer unlocked? Imagine a Wikileaks-sized disclosure of every Americans’ health histories. The results could be devastating - embarrassing - even Orwellian. With its extensive rule-making decrees, ObamaCare has been an exercise in creating authority out of thin air at the expense of individuals’ rights, freedoms, and liberties. The ability of the federal government to spy on, review, and approve individuals’ private patient-doctor interactions is an excessive power-grab. Like other discoveries that have occurred since the law’s passage, this one leaves us scratching our heads as to the necessity not just of this provision, but the entire law. The HHS attempts to justify its proposal on the grounds that it has to be able to compare performance. No matter what the explanation is, however, this type of data collection is an egregious violation of patient-doctor confidentiality and business privacy. It is like J. Edgar Hoover in a lab coat. And, no matter what assurances Obama, Sebelius and their unelected and unaccountable HHS bureaucrats make about protections and safeguards of data, too many people already know what can result when their confidential information gets into the wrong hands, either intentionally or unintentionally. Republican Tim Huelskamp represents the first congressional district of Kansas.</blockquote> While the word "de-identified" is in the proposed rule, I don't have great confidence in such assurances (for instance, see my Oct. 2009 post "<a href="http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2009/10/health-it-vendors-trafficking-in.html">Health IT Vendors Trafficking in Patient Data?</a>"). I don't believe additional commentary is needed. Hat tip - <a href="http://www.drudgereport.com/">Drudge Report</a>. -- SS

HHS rule would give government everybody’s health records?

I really don't like the sound of this in the Washington Examiner. It contains many warnings of the kind I've written about here at ...

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My doctor will now need to code for when I get bitten by George or Martha Goose

The bureaucrats always seem to find new ways to waste precious medical resources and capital to justify their existence. Here's the latest twist: I regularly feed swans, ducks and geese at my local park. In fact, I don't seek them out; the geese in particular come to me when they see me on the trail. They know me for years. They have tremendous vision, so I can't escape them. Per the WSJ, medical coding is about to become so hypergranular (could the reason be that bureaucrats needed work to do?) as to be reasonably considered insane: <a href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111904103404576560742746021106.html#printMode"> </a><blockquote><a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424053111904103404576560742746021106.html#printMode">Walked Into a Lamppost? Hurt While Crocheting? Help Is on the Way </a> New Medical-Billing System Provides Precision; Nine Codes for Macaw Mishaps Wall Street Journal Sept. 13, 2011 ... Billing experts who translate doctors' work into codes are gearing up to start using the new system in two years. They say the new detail is welcome in many cases. But a few aspects are also causing some head scratching. Some codes could seem downright insulting: R46.1 is "bizarre personal appearance (<a href="http://graphicsweb.wsj.com/documents/MEDICALCODES0911/#term=bizarre%20personal%20appearance">see code</a>)," while R46.0 is "very low level of personal hygiene (<a href="http://graphicsweb.wsj.com/documents/MEDICALCODES0911/#term=very%20low%20level%20of%20personal%20hygiene">see code</a>)." It's not clear how many klutzes want to notify their insurers that a doctor visit was a W22.02XA, "walked into lamppost, initial encounter" (or, for that matter, a W22.02XD, "walked into lamppost, subsequent encounter"). Why are there codes for injuries received while sewing, ironing, playing a brass instrument, crocheting, doing handcrafts, or knitting—but not while shopping, wonders Rhonda Buckholtz, who does ICD-10 training for the American Academy of Professional Coders, a credentialing organization. ... Much of the new system is based on a World Health Organization code set in use in many countries for more than a decade. Still, the American version, developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, is considerably more fine-grained. The WHO, for instance, didn't see the need for 72 codes about injuries tied to birds. But American doctors whose patients run afoul of a duck (<a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://graphicsweb.wsj.com/documents/MEDICALCODES0911/#term=duck">see codes</a>), macaw (<a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://graphicsweb.wsj.com/documents/MEDICALCODES0911/#term=macaw">see codes</a>), parrot (<a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://graphicsweb.wsj.com/documents/MEDICALCODES0911/#term=parrot">see codes</a>), goose (<a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://graphicsweb.wsj.com/documents/MEDICALCODES0911/#term=goose">see codes</a>), turkey (<a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://graphicsweb.wsj.com/documents/MEDICALCODES0911/#term=turkey">see codes</a>) or chicken (<a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://graphicsweb.wsj.com/documents/MEDICALCODES0911/#term=chicken">see codes</a>) will be able to select from nine codes for each animal, notes George Alex, an official at the Advisory Board Co., a health-care research firm. There are 312 animal codes in all, he says, compared to nine in the international version. There are separate codes for "bitten by turtle" and "struck by turtle." (<a href="http://graphicsweb.wsj.com/documents/MEDICALCODES0911/#term=Turtle">See codes</a>.)</blockquote>Examples: <blockquote>W6151XA Bitten by goose, initial encounter W6151XD Bitten by goose, subsequent encounter [Killer Goose?] W6151XS Bitten by goose, sequela W6152XA Struck by goose, initial encounter W6152XD Struck by goose, subsequent encounter W6152XS Struck by goose, sequela W6159XA Other contact with goose, initial encounter W6159XD Other contact with goose, subsequent encounter W6159XS Other contact with goose, sequela</blockquote> Sometimes my favorite Canada Goose couple, George and Martha, and their annual young'uns will overextend their beaks when being fed and nip my finger. They've never broken my skin (geese have no teeth, just ridges) but if they do ... my doctor is likely to have to code for "bitten by Canada Goose." I wonder if CDC will then send out the Goose Patrol. George and Martha, be careful, or your goose may be cooked! <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6XkUrBC9v9JI3_z1vZzaD7SRS3KZiDFUT-QxmGIJVfx14pvYTdMWaWBuiRvBLLM_aU6CWXdgVj7NOne0qYYqD6YPhmK9OJB_WY6eZc2j5PfNTPXUDySG-yaA_7Zckgu2ahU-YstxIQoCT/s1600/george.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5655569935392590242" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6XkUrBC9v9JI3_z1vZzaD7SRS3KZiDFUT-QxmGIJVfx14pvYTdMWaWBuiRvBLLM_aU6CWXdgVj7NOne0qYYqD6YPhmK9OJB_WY6eZc2j5PfNTPXUDySG-yaA_7Zckgu2ahU-YstxIQoCT/s320/george.jpg" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 296px;" /></a>George, I'm going to feed you, but don't W6151XD me (bite me) or the Feds will be after you ... (click to enlarge photos) </div> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAe5L0wj033ueltsLPJXXnedf8mLjn-omiaw3gaLKiIY7YktgdknAW7yyAC9ujlx2KRCCRwOtKbwFxYWjvcVtTH8DOBRqtpCJYUpc4tHAOtGRIb6HzKaxaFfvx5oPN5GP1xEtX8Q4LpIGq/s1600/younguns.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5655571722736097122" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAe5L0wj033ueltsLPJXXnedf8mLjn-omiaw3gaLKiIY7YktgdknAW7yyAC9ujlx2KRCCRwOtKbwFxYWjvcVtTH8DOBRqtpCJYUpc4tHAOtGRIb6HzKaxaFfvx5oPN5GP1xEtX8Q4LpIGq/s320/younguns.jpg" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" /></a>Young'uns, you better watch out, too! </div> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXo-FQb8mopRZE3moes-vRbr89rKLIhAWuRbW5gtrl9g76tMCsgDOOC7Tvpnys1OuKbk0LV0OpPg_vy6Y2OvXwi-58bqNM7LGveqzUfOxO67TBlY5wiLXBu_O9DEwWvw9Dap1zJmbJWpH_/s1600/molly.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5655632407985125138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXo-FQb8mopRZE3moes-vRbr89rKLIhAWuRbW5gtrl9g76tMCsgDOOC7Tvpnys1OuKbk0LV0OpPg_vy6Y2OvXwi-58bqNM7LGveqzUfOxO67TBlY5wiLXBu_O9DEwWvw9Dap1zJmbJWpH_/s320/molly.jpg" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" /></a>This guy has already done a W6152XA and W6152XD to me with his wings, leaving me with a W6152XS (bruise on my leg) when I didn't feed him before the Canadas! You can just tell he's looking to create coding mayhem from that expression on his face. </div> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip1c7cDSM2ESwSl6Ktg6ILHijLkMH7uUEingai21n_-yBr43pxwUQDqLpdEkOnYZywmE5xzdiDllY9M-Hiiof6RNCnKe0xqyNHAVEKs8h943Y_4ggHNiRktvDK5GHMS8H9sPnx40mInWr5/s1600/duck.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5655571946029411026" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEip1c7cDSM2ESwSl6Ktg6ILHijLkMH7uUEingai21n_-yBr43pxwUQDqLpdEkOnYZywmE5xzdiDllY9M-Hiiof6RNCnKe0xqyNHAVEKs8h943Y_4ggHNiRktvDK5GHMS8H9sPnx40mInWr5/s320/duck.jpg" style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" /></a>Is there an ICD-10 code for "foot bitten by cute little Mallard duckie?" </div> What a perverse waste of resources this coding mania represents... Hat tip: <a href="http://www.galen.org/" style="font-style: italic;">The Galen Institute</a>/Grace-Marie Turner -- SS

My doctor will now need to code for when I get bitten by George or Martha Goose

The bureaucrats always seem to find new ways to waste precious medical resources and capital to justify their existence. Here's the late...

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